{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912375633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020116","title":"Natural Convection and Irreversibility Evaluation in a Cubic Cavity with Partial Opening in Both Top and Bottom Sides","display_name":"Natural Convection and Irreversibility Evaluation in a Cubic Cavity with Partial Opening in Both Top and Bottom Sides","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912375633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020116","mag":"2912375633","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266832","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7514598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/2/116/pdf?version=1548578863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/2/116/pdf?version=1548578863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041593232","display_name":"Hakan F. \u00d6ztop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakan F. Oztop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mech. Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig TR-23119, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mech. Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig TR-23119, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110591201","display_name":"Mohammed A. Almeshaal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Almeshaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087558944","display_name":"Lioua Kolsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-7458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lioua Kolsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mech. Engineering, College of Engineering, Hail University, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia","Laboratoire de M\u00e9trologie et des Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9nerg\u00e9tiques, \u00c9cole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mech. Engineering, College of Engineering, Hail University, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9trologie et des Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9nerg\u00e9tiques, \u00c9cole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033550883","display_name":"Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-8688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165173","display_name":"ENN-Tongji Advanced Institute of Clean Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/05pzhab84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210100528","https://openalex.org/I4210165173"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Mehdi Rashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENN-Tongji Clean Energy Institute of Advanced Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENN-Tongji Clean Energy Institute of Advanced Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165173","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072644060","display_name":"Mohamed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-8098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed E. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033550883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210165173"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.27,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":90},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"116","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":0.9973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54791560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285020","display_name":"Natural convection","level":3,"score":0.8631842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106836276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898249","display_name":"Rayleigh number","level":4,"score":0.7687681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.7033704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50478463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401936","display_name":"Finite volume method","level":2,"score":0.66010326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6119913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.57478684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5245257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.48204598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46810198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189234753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007315","display_name":"Combined forced and natural convection","level":4,"score":0.46768266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.41846412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3229533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.30350396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2869667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/2/116/pdf?version=1548578863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d99943ea857d4f6aa97f8550f27e30c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7514598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33266832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21020116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/2/116/pdf?version=1548578863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University","award_id":"ISPP#131"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987379989","https://openalex.org/W2005662500","https://openalex.org/W2006065423","https://openalex.org/W2018651209","https://openalex.org/W2029932653","https://openalex.org/W2037552897","https://openalex.org/W2047109513","https://openalex.org/W2067896556","https://openalex.org/W2073306603","https://openalex.org/W2081152629","https://openalex.org/W2097617691","https://openalex.org/W2289137726","https://openalex.org/W2294010957","https://openalex.org/W2318996139","https://openalex.org/W2340955705","https://openalex.org/W2342855203","https://openalex.org/W2416841467","https://openalex.org/W2466295450","https://openalex.org/W2536994440","https://openalex.org/W2570364393","https://openalex.org/W2587476147","https://openalex.org/W2594053420","https://openalex.org/W2597440706","https://openalex.org/W2600239985","https://openalex.org/W2603491288","https://openalex.org/W2604071410","https://openalex.org/W2617679025","https://openalex.org/W2735840191","https://openalex.org/W2751324052","https://openalex.org/W2782100054","https://openalex.org/W2801474689","https://openalex.org/W2885709504","https://openalex.org/W2907717055","https://openalex.org/W655193074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310379157","https://openalex.org/W4214830329","https://openalex.org/W2731857948","https://openalex.org/W263816077","https://openalex.org/W2531228161","https://openalex.org/W2133915640","https://openalex.org/W2111130705","https://openalex.org/W2046854329","https://openalex.org/W20321982","https://openalex.org/W131415422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"numerical":[1],"study":[2],"on":[3],"natural":[4],"convection":[5],"in":[6,18],"a":[7,53],"cubical":[8],"cavity":[9,28],"with":[10],"partial":[11],"top":[12],"and":[13,68,78,88],"bottom":[14],"openings":[15],"is":[16,72],"performed":[17,51],"this":[19],"paper.":[20],"One":[21],"of":[22,26,34,46],"the":[23,27,35,38],"vertical":[24],"walls":[25,40],"has":[29],"higher":[30],"temperature":[31],"than":[32],"that":[33,74],"opposite":[36],"one;":[37],"remaining":[39],"are":[41,59],"insulated":[42],"perfectly.":[43],"Three-dimensional":[44],"simulations":[45],"governing":[47],"equations":[48],"have":[49],"been":[50],"using":[52],"finite":[54],"volume":[55],"technique.":[56],"The":[57],"results":[58],"presented":[60],"for":[61],"different":[62],"parameters":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"opening":[66,85],"length":[67],"Rayleigh":[69,89],"number.":[70,90],"It":[71],"observed":[73],"heat":[75],"transfer":[76],"rate":[77],"fluid":[79],"flow":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"controlled":[83],"via":[84],"ratio":[86],"size":[87]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912375633","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-08T14:17:05.818577","created_date":"2019-02-21"}