{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388945528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812","title":"The metaverse digital environments: a scoping review of the challenges, privacy and security issues","display_name":"The metaverse digital environments: a scoping review of the challenges, privacy and security issues","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388945528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38074486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"review","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042837621","display_name":"Muhammad Tukur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876237426","display_name":"Gombe State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbh1w34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["NG","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tukur","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","Computer Science Department, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030066648","display_name":"Jens Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057926319","display_name":"Mowafa Househ","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3648-6271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mowafa Househ","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071038077","display_name":"Ahmed Haruna Dokoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876237426","display_name":"Gombe State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbh1w34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Haruna Dokoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090977466","display_name":"Usman Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148832","display_name":"Federal University Kashere","ror":"https://ror.org/0470nf974","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148832"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Idris Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Gombe, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Gombe, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013941428","display_name":"Muhammad Dawaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876237426","display_name":"Gombe State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbh1w34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Dawaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876237426"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013856888","display_name":"Marco Agus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Agus","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013856888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"],"apc_list":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1150,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.193,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.989529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.88931906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.55538034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier","display_name":"Frontier","score":0.43710324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.88931906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.55538034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4554401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.43710324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.349213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33783263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.23222259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20372579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1269564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.11454484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10702132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38074486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2023.1301812/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201220","display_name":"Frontiers in Big Data","issn_l":"2624-909X","issn":["2624-909X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090941017","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2150610774","https://openalex.org/W2178182204","https://openalex.org/W2254717220","https://openalex.org/W2293947265","https://openalex.org/W2336188181","https://openalex.org/W2529138009","https://openalex.org/W2734289111","https://openalex.org/W2749197745","https://openalex.org/W2773314609","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2913541445","https://openalex.org/W2949380986","https://openalex.org/W3009436916","https://openalex.org/W3049110093","https://openalex.org/W3088704016","https://openalex.org/W3107878680","https://openalex.org/W3111445649","https://openalex.org/W3116367236","https://openalex.org/W3118694174","https://openalex.org/W3138191843","https://openalex.org/W3164170653","https://openalex.org/W3166920206","https://openalex.org/W3183221193","https://openalex.org/W3184144680","https://openalex.org/W3189865283","https://openalex.org/W3204043537","https://openalex.org/W3205881257","https://openalex.org/W409344806","https://openalex.org/W4206027059","https://openalex.org/W4210614960","https://openalex.org/W4211092666","https://openalex.org/W4214714391","https://openalex.org/W4220752074","https://openalex.org/W4220991980","https://openalex.org/W4221074345","https://openalex.org/W4223437285","https://openalex.org/W4225654145","https://openalex.org/W4280497827","https://openalex.org/W4282928327","https://openalex.org/W4283032839","https://openalex.org/W4283209214","https://openalex.org/W4283788661","https://openalex.org/W4285004952","https://openalex.org/W4285585446","https://openalex.org/W4290065450","https://openalex.org/W4292582015","https://openalex.org/W4292826080","https://openalex.org/W4297156538","https://openalex.org/W4300961040","https://openalex.org/W4303579130","https://openalex.org/W4303969227","https://openalex.org/W4304109184","https://openalex.org/W4304202992","https://openalex.org/W4304693729","https://openalex.org/W4312225702","https://openalex.org/W4313171045","https://openalex.org/W4321349862","https://openalex.org/W4361004904","https://openalex.org/W4377235537","https://openalex.org/W4383216913","https://openalex.org/W4385891514","https://openalex.org/W4386844063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226099950","https://openalex.org/W2392455911","https://openalex.org/W2389147080","https://openalex.org/W2387777532","https://openalex.org/W2382709029","https://openalex.org/W2377883125","https://openalex.org/W2375492428","https://openalex.org/W2374248756","https://openalex.org/W2362479786","https://openalex.org/W2359053655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1],"of":[2,15,39,47,69,84,91,101,168,194,201,221,229],"the":[3,12,16,35,67,82,89,92,129,132,136,142,154,169,182,192,199,205,208,222,227,233,257,280,284],"\u201cmetaverse\u201d":[4],"has":[5],"garnered":[6],"significant":[7],"attention":[8],"recently,":[9],"positioned":[10],"as":[11],"\u201cnext":[13],"frontier\u201d":[14],"internet.":[17],"This":[18],"emerging":[19],"digital":[20,151],"realm":[21],"carries":[22],"substantial":[23],"economic":[24],"and":[25,31,37,50,65,73,99,114,124,147,153,156,166,179,197,207,219,238,245,249,260,275,283],"financial":[26],"implications":[27],"for":[28,247],"both":[29,243],"IT":[30],"non-IT":[32],"industries.":[33],"However,":[34],"integration":[36],"evolution":[38],"these":[40],"virtual":[41,86,230],"universes":[42],"bring":[43],"forth":[44],"a":[45,96,236],"multitude":[46],"intricate":[48],"issues":[49,75],"quandaries":[51,158],"that":[52,76,186,256],"demand":[53],"resolution.":[54],"Within":[55],"this":[56,264],"research":[57],"endeavor,":[58],"our":[59,174,189,254],"objective":[60],"was":[61],"to":[62,79,107,141,176,288,292],"delve":[63],"into":[64],"appraise":[66],"array":[68],"challenges,":[70,118,259],"privacy":[71,202],"concerns,":[72],"security":[74,125,180],"have":[77,111],"come":[78],"light":[80],"during":[81],"development":[83,228],"metaverse":[85,195,234],"environments":[87,231],"in":[88,216,263],"wake":[90],"COVID-19":[93],"pandemic.":[94],"Through":[95],"meticulous":[97],"review":[98],"analysis":[100],"literature":[102],"spanning":[103],"from":[104,188],"January":[105],"2020":[106],"December":[108],"2022,":[109],"we":[110,134],"meticulously":[112],"identified":[113],"scrutinized":[115],"29":[116],"distinct":[117],"along":[119],"with":[120,128,145],"12":[121],"policy,":[122,177],"privacy,":[123,178],"matters":[126],"intertwined":[127],"metaverse.":[130],"Among":[131],"challenges":[133,210],"unearthed,":[135],"foremost":[137],"were":[138],"concerns":[139,185],"pertaining":[140],"costs":[143],"associated":[144],"hardware":[146],"software,":[148],"implementation":[149],"complexities,":[150],"disparities,":[152],"ethical":[155],"moral":[157],"surrounding":[159],"socio-control,":[160],"collectively":[161],"cited":[162],"by":[163],"43%,":[164,217],"40%,":[165,218],"33%":[167,220],"surveyed":[170],"articles,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"Turning":[173],"focus":[175],"issues,":[181],"top":[183],"three":[184],"emerged":[187],"investigation":[190],"encompassed":[191],"formulation":[193],"rules":[196],"principles,":[198],"encroachment":[200],"threats":[203],"within":[204,232],"metaverse,":[206],"looming":[209],"concerning":[211,279],"data":[212],"management,":[213],"all":[214],"mentioned":[215],"examined":[223],"literature.":[224],"In":[225],"summation,":[226],"is":[235,253],"multifaceted":[237],"dynamically":[239],"evolving":[240],"domain,":[241],"offering":[242],"opportunities":[244],"hurdles":[246],"researchers":[248],"practitioners":[250],"alike.":[251],"It":[252],"aspiration":[255],"insights,":[258],"recommendations":[261],"articulated":[262],"report":[265],"will":[266],"catalyze":[267],"extensive":[268],"dialogues":[269],"among":[270],"industry":[271],"stakeholders,":[272],"governmental":[273],"bodies,":[274],"other":[276],"interested":[277],"parties":[278],"metaverse's":[281],"destiny":[282],"world":[285],"they":[286],"aim":[287],"construct":[289],"or":[290],"bequeath":[291],"future":[293],"generations.":[294]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388945528","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-05T07:41:22.408242","created_date":"2023-11-24"}