{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964050280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6427","title":"The University of Cambridge\u2019s Machine Translation Systems for WMT18","display_name":"The University of Cambridge\u2019s Machine Translation Systems for WMT18","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964050280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6427","mag":"2964050280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6427","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6427.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6427.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061001839","display_name":"Felix Stahlberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0430-5704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Stahlberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041559636","display_name":"Adri\u00e0 de Gispert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e0 de Gispert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","SDL Research, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070594684","display_name":"Bill Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-4492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","SDL Research, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.532,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.792509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"504","last_page":"512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.66318023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-system","display_name":"Machine translation system","score":0.4371293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.793056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.7929283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.74065095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.66318023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6323159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.595728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.45417166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986258472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation system","level":3,"score":0.4371293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4293282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.42452103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35068932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.28612483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11759776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06196153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6427","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6427.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09465","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280290","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/14974055-455b-4202-aa0c-7ad2b56bd976/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401776","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Cambridge"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-6427","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-6427.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.42}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1571227886","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1968594024","https://openalex.org/W1971844566","https://openalex.org/W2059676477","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100238596","https://openalex.org/W2105891181","https://openalex.org/W2114013702","https://openalex.org/W2114912785","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2136657878","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2161729680","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2250714477","https://openalex.org/W2400065810","https://openalex.org/W2407166119","https://openalex.org/W2466062786","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2527845440","https://openalex.org/W2532807140","https://openalex.org/W2539201987","https://openalex.org/W2566564022","https://openalex.org/W2566623769","https://openalex.org/W2573119710","https://openalex.org/W2613844261","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2740433069","https://openalex.org/W2766164908","https://openalex.org/W2767989436","https://openalex.org/W2768123736","https://openalex.org/W2775767017","https://openalex.org/W2786058094","https://openalex.org/W2786926034","https://openalex.org/W2791212065","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2796108585","https://openalex.org/W2884381860","https://openalex.org/W2886288106","https://openalex.org/W2896060389","https://openalex.org/W2902180983","https://openalex.org/W2948003005","https://openalex.org/W2951973027","https://openalex.org/W2953333557","https://openalex.org/W2962700074","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962806812","https://openalex.org/W2962823775","https://openalex.org/W2962867687","https://openalex.org/W2962902089","https://openalex.org/W2962907349","https://openalex.org/W2962913202","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963418779","https://openalex.org/W2963506925","https://openalex.org/W2963641561","https://openalex.org/W2963679688","https://openalex.org/W2963702144","https://openalex.org/W2963783087","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W2963975242","https://openalex.org/W2964045208","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2964334713","https://openalex.org/W3037808224","https://openalex.org/W4235599520","https://openalex.org/W4293361313","https://openalex.org/W4297747548","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4394666973","https://openalex.org/W71795751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2987863107","https://openalex.org/W2770835074","https://openalex.org/W2400490375","https://openalex.org/W2359582629","https://openalex.org/W2153390376","https://openalex.org/W1697423248","https://openalex.org/W1674885750","https://openalex.org/W1592339875","https://openalex.org/W1586984800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"University":[1],"of":[2,15,18,58],"Cambridge":[3],"submission":[4],"to":[5],"the":[6,13],"WMT18":[7],"news":[8],"translation":[9],"task":[10],"focuses":[11],"on":[12,28,56],"combination":[14],"diverse":[16],"models":[17,27,39],"translation.":[19],"We":[20,50],"compare":[21],"recurrent,":[22],"convolutional,":[23],"and":[24,31],"self-attention-based":[25],"neural":[26,38],"German-English,":[29],"English-German,":[30],"Chinese-English.":[32],"Our":[33],"final":[34],"system":[35,45],"combines":[36],"all":[37],"together":[40],"with":[41],"a":[42],"phrase-based":[43],"SMT":[44],"in":[46],"an":[47],"MBR-based":[48],"scheme.":[49],"report":[51],"small":[52],"but":[53],"consistent":[54],"gains":[55],"top":[57],"strong":[59],"Transformer":[60],"ensembles.":[61]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964050280","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-15T19:17:44.414926","created_date":"2019-07-30"}