{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894360925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2018f168","title":"What was the Question? A Systematization of Information Retrieval and NLP Problems","display_name":"What was the Question? A Systematization of Information Retrieval and NLP Problems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894360925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2018f168","mag":"2894360925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2018f168","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2018/drp/pdf/168.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2018/drp/pdf/168.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047464344","display_name":"Jens D\u00f6rpinghaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-7752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098248","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/00trw9c49","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens D\u00f6rpinghaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077603419","display_name":"Johannes Darms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-2276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098248","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/00trw9c49","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Darms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016675379","display_name":"Marc Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-3930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098248","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/00trw9c49","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.367,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.571544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":85,"max":86},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"471","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.70323884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.69349563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.58435106}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2018f168","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2018/drp/pdf/168.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2018f168","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2018/drp/pdf/168.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.83}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118065779","https://openalex.org/W1492792097","https://openalex.org/W1532280479","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1573514622","https://openalex.org/W1602773505","https://openalex.org/W1967082914","https://openalex.org/W1980183403","https://openalex.org/W2001496424","https://openalex.org/W2004763266","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2068882115","https://openalex.org/W2097501048","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2128435021","https://openalex.org/W2134275125","https://openalex.org/W2141869602","https://openalex.org/W2158300770","https://openalex.org/W2163390094","https://openalex.org/W2466023026","https://openalex.org/W2497265084","https://openalex.org/W2514231286","https://openalex.org/W2563558056","https://openalex.org/W2576038618","https://openalex.org/W2739381839","https://openalex.org/W2757172245","https://openalex.org/W2775872852","https://openalex.org/W2778998756","https://openalex.org/W3087975536","https://openalex.org/W3123809766","https://openalex.org/W4231934124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2789919619","https://openalex.org/W2611614995","https://openalex.org/W2384888906","https://openalex.org/W2376314740","https://openalex.org/W2368651715","https://openalex.org/W2366644548","https://openalex.org/W2357241418","https://openalex.org/W2119214692","https://openalex.org/W2086064646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,16],"paper":[2],"we":[3,22,70],"suggest":[4],"a":[5,75,86,105],"novel":[6,45,76,82],"systematization":[7,83],"of":[8,20,31,36,59,93,110],"Information":[9],"Retrieval":[10],"and":[11,27,47,51,64,99,103],"Natural":[12],"Language":[13],"Processing":[14],"problems.Using":[15],"rather":[17],"general":[18],"description":[19,46,107],"problems":[21,38,94],"are":[23,71],"able":[24,72],"to":[25,73,79],"discuss":[26,48,56],"proof":[28],"the":[29,52,57],"equivalence":[30],"some":[32],"problems.We":[33],"provide":[34,74],"reformulations":[35],"well-known":[37],"like":[39],"Named":[40],"Entity":[41],"Recognition":[42],"using":[43],"our":[44],"further":[49],"research":[50],"expected":[53],"outcome.We":[54],"will":[55],"relation":[58],"two":[60],"problems,":[61],"cluster":[62],"labeling":[63],"search":[65],"query":[66],"finding.With":[67],"these":[68],"results":[69],"optimization":[77],"approach":[78,84],"both":[80],"problems.This":[81],"provides":[85],"yet":[87],"unknown":[88],"view":[89],"generating":[90],"new":[91],"classes":[92],"in":[95],"NLP.It":[96],"brings":[97],"application":[98],"algorithmic":[100],"approaches":[101],"together":[102],"offers":[104],"better":[106],"with":[108],"concepts":[109],"theoretical":[111],"computer":[112],"science.":[113]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2894360925","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-03-16T00:35:13.682354","created_date":"2018-10-05"}