{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139780938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000580","title":"Fading Reduction by Aperture Averaging and Spatial Diversity in Optical Wireless Systems","display_name":"Fading Reduction by Aperture Averaging and Spatial Diversity in Optical Wireless Systems","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139780938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000580","mag":"2139780938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180088163","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1943-0620","issn":["1943-0620","1943-0639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065893843","display_name":"Mohammad\u2010Ali Khalighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad-Ali Khalighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063694445","display_name":"Noah Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-3740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132720","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\u00e9e","ror":"https://ror.org/03czns913","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210098836","https://openalex.org/I4210132720","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Theor. & Appl. Opt. (DOTA), ONERA, Chatillon, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Theor. & Appl. Opt. (DOTA), ONERA, Chatillon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4210132720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056871875","display_name":"Naziha Aitamer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naziha Aitamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109863626","display_name":"Salah Bourennane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Bourennane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Centrale Marseille , Marseille , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.178,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":239,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999982,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"6","first_page":"580","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.7029396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.6660837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-Space Optical Communication","score":0.5029673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-scheme","display_name":"Diversity scheme","score":0.45650938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-combining","display_name":"Diversity combining","score":0.41577724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8655574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.7029396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.6660837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.535941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5029673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47036502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45716345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.45650938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45250615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4493117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.43157694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.42576587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136817519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947493","display_name":"Diversity combining","level":4,"score":0.41577724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.39399737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3263157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25778553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.25145525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2077752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1926853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.08948645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.1.000580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180088163","display_name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1943-0620","issn":["1943-0620","1943-0639"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00459532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00459532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673604024","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W1848641209","https://openalex.org/W1911590525","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W1965064088","https://openalex.org/W1970208989","https://openalex.org/W1971289453","https://openalex.org/W1978747753","https://openalex.org/W1980574454","https://openalex.org/W1981924964","https://openalex.org/W1995027936","https://openalex.org/W2018309619","https://openalex.org/W2022575522","https://openalex.org/W2023648964","https://openalex.org/W2023904466","https://openalex.org/W2026162153","https://openalex.org/W2028690925","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2040882982","https://openalex.org/W2045079758","https://openalex.org/W2045456583","https://openalex.org/W2050498754","https://openalex.org/W2054631241","https://openalex.org/W2073167502","https://openalex.org/W2074125924","https://openalex.org/W2075415458","https://openalex.org/W2086195620","https://openalex.org/W2096323819","https://openalex.org/W2097548040","https://openalex.org/W2099096090","https://openalex.org/W2102613206","https://openalex.org/W2103875938","https://openalex.org/W2105988406","https://openalex.org/W2110931999","https://openalex.org/W2115525437","https://openalex.org/W2136569932","https://openalex.org/W2145845226","https://openalex.org/W2164962185","https://openalex.org/W2169324186","https://openalex.org/W2227985529","https://openalex.org/W26600685","https://openalex.org/W2764824047","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302398214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177695762","https://openalex.org/W2533343927","https://openalex.org/W2137811113","https://openalex.org/W2135296323","https://openalex.org/W2133554711","https://openalex.org/W2103216372","https://openalex.org/W2037489944","https://openalex.org/W2012008471","https://openalex.org/W2003125408","https://openalex.org/W1988581136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atmospheric":[0],"turbulence":[1,21,52,156,168,181],"can":[2,22],"cause":[3],"a":[4,41,55,150,194],"significant":[5],"performance":[6,65],"degradation":[7],"in":[8,67,83,97],"free-space":[9],"optical":[10],"communication":[11],"systems.":[12],"It":[13],"is":[14,137,146,161,174,188],"well":[15],"known":[16],"that":[17,133],"the":[18,34,44,64,91,113,128,135,141,172,183],"effect":[19],"of":[20,46,58,69,87,93,115,117,143,185],"be":[23,164],"reduced":[24],"by":[25,120],"performing":[26],"aperture":[27,98,153,160],"averaging":[28,99],"and/or":[29],"employing":[30],"spatial":[31],"diversity":[32,96],"at":[33,193],"receiver.":[35],"In":[36,60],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,62],"provide":[40,200],"synthesis":[42],"on":[43,124,202],"effectiveness":[45],"these":[47],"techniques":[48],"under":[49,154,166,179],"different":[50],"atmospheric":[51],"conditions":[53],"from":[54,112],"telecommunication":[56],"point":[57,114],"view.":[59],"particular,":[61],"quantify":[63],"improvement":[66],"terms":[68],"average":[70],"bit":[71],"error":[72],"rate":[73],"(BER)":[74],"and":[75,90,109],"outage":[76],"capacity,":[77],"which":[78],"are":[79,101],"among":[80],"important":[81],"parameters":[82],"practice.":[84],"The":[85],"efficiency":[86],"channel":[88],"coding":[89],"feasibility":[92],"exploiting":[94],"time":[95],"receivers":[100],"discussed":[102],"as":[103],"well.":[104],"We":[105,131,198],"also":[106,199],"compare":[107],"single-":[108],"multiple-aperture":[110],"systems":[111],"view":[116],"fading":[118,123],"reduction":[119],"considering":[121],"uncorrelated":[122],"adjacent":[125],"apertures":[126,145,187],"for":[127],"latter":[129],"case.":[130],"show":[132],"when":[134,191],"receiver":[136,173],"background":[138],"noise":[139,176],"limited,":[140,177],"use":[142,184],"multiple":[144,186],"largely":[147],"preferred":[148,165],"to":[149,163,207],"single":[151,159],"large":[152],"strong":[155,180],"conditions.":[157],"A":[158],"likely":[162],"moderate":[167],"conditions,":[169,182],"however.":[170],"When":[171],"thermal":[175],"even":[178],"interesting":[189],"only":[190],"working":[192],"very":[195],"low":[196],"BER.":[197],"discussions":[201],"several":[203],"practical":[204],"issues":[205],"related":[206],"system":[208],"implementation.":[209]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139780938","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2024-12-20T08:43:41.202790","created_date":"2016-06-24"}