{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786589907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7356189","title":"Damage Detection of Refractory Based on Principle Component Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Model","display_name":"Damage Detection of Refractory Based on Principle Component Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Model","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786589907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7356189","mag":"2786589907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7356189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/7356189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/7356189.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785760","display_name":"Changming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-6153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066880251","display_name":"Di Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4815-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414840","display_name":"Zhigang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7123-335X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712376","display_name":"Dan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-535X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Demonstration Center for Experimental Machinery Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Machinery Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045166512","display_name":"Gangbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gangbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045166512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.487,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.640561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":81,"max":82},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Optoelectronic Systems for Measurement and Detection","score":0.9909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Optoelectronic Systems for Measurement and Detection","score":0.9909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring in Materials","score":0.9624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.7036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damage-detection","display_name":"Damage Detection","score":0.58011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-detection","display_name":"Defect Detection","score":0.560246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory","display_name":"Refractory (planetary science)","score":0.55745995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-characterization","display_name":"Material Characterization","score":0.53202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-evaluation","display_name":"Non-Destructive Evaluation","score":0.50783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-analysis","display_name":"Component analysis","score":0.44230714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.5674671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142424586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307572","display_name":"Refractory (planetary science)","level":2,"score":0.55745995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5534079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.51821715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.44908565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780692498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16950721","display_name":"Component analysis","level":2,"score":0.44230714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33811107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30900213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2520576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24474359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18560618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13917735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13113058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09975535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.091257155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7356189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/7356189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0468ebf1025149a98ccc4abc21bd680f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7356189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/7356189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"51405353"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"51375354"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"51505346"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","award_id":"2014CFB825"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544428878","https://openalex.org/W1566372502","https://openalex.org/W1974072479","https://openalex.org/W1974424519","https://openalex.org/W1975496959","https://openalex.org/W1979669572","https://openalex.org/W1987526783","https://openalex.org/W1990179910","https://openalex.org/W2020702462","https://openalex.org/W2026081515","https://openalex.org/W2027529845","https://openalex.org/W2035233434","https://openalex.org/W2037551658","https://openalex.org/W2042405313","https://openalex.org/W2049075759","https://openalex.org/W2060866052","https://openalex.org/W2075070858","https://openalex.org/W2083412337","https://openalex.org/W2084307661","https://openalex.org/W2085095501","https://openalex.org/W2088061814","https://openalex.org/W2092184823","https://openalex.org/W2124191995","https://openalex.org/W2137513417","https://openalex.org/W2156751618","https://openalex.org/W2190134614","https://openalex.org/W2286710643","https://openalex.org/W2287472268","https://openalex.org/W2292591137","https://openalex.org/W2507162346","https://openalex.org/W2508542750","https://openalex.org/W2516873367","https://openalex.org/W2529897829","https://openalex.org/W2535317954","https://openalex.org/W2538434775","https://openalex.org/W2547318758","https://openalex.org/W2562141045","https://openalex.org/W2599795618","https://openalex.org/W2747609571","https://openalex.org/W611214548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W63071845","https://openalex.org/W3130349901","https://openalex.org/W2883338879","https://openalex.org/W2371988947","https://openalex.org/W2111082585","https://openalex.org/W2014494654","https://openalex.org/W1975321310","https://openalex.org/W1952261593","https://openalex.org/W1579833936","https://openalex.org/W1578916557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acoustic":[0],"emission":[1],"(AE)":[2],"technique":[3],"is":[4,17],"a":[5,18],"common":[6],"approach":[7],"to":[8,39,102,140],"identify":[9],"the":[10,13,41,69,73,76,80,87,95,108,112,119,126,129,136,142,160,163],"damage":[11,77,122,147],"of":[12,43,53,67,75,86,111,153,159,166],"refractories;":[14],"however,":[15],"there":[16,22],"complex":[19],"problem":[20],"since":[21],"are":[23],"as":[24,26,118],"many":[25],"fifteen":[27,96,113],"involved":[28],"parameters,":[29],"which":[30,149],"calls":[31],"for":[32,92,121,151],"effective":[33],"data":[34,64],"processing":[35,65],"and":[36,57,78,116],"classification":[37],"algorithms":[38],"reduce":[40],"level":[42],"complexity.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"experiments":[48],"involving":[49],"three\u2010point":[50],"bending":[51],"tests":[52],"refractories":[54,161],"were":[55,60,107],"conducted":[56],"AE":[58,143],"signals":[59,144],"collected.":[61],"A":[62],"new":[63],"method":[66],"merging":[68],"similar":[70],"parameters":[71,98,106,115],"in":[72],"description":[74],"reducing":[79],"dimension":[81,93],"was":[82,133],"developed.":[83],"By":[84],"means":[85],"principle":[88],"component":[89],"analysis":[90],"(PCA)":[91],"reduction,":[94],"related":[97],"can":[99],"be":[100],"reduced":[101],"two":[103,146,164],"parameters.":[104],"The":[105],"linear":[109],"combinations":[110],"original":[114],"taken":[117],"indexes":[120],"classification.":[123],"Based":[124],"on":[125],"proposed":[127],"approach,":[128],"Gaussian":[130],"mixture":[131],"model":[132],"integrated":[134],"with":[135],"Bayesian":[137],"information":[138],"criterion":[139],"group":[141],"into":[145],"categories,":[148],"accounted":[150],"99%":[152],"all":[154],"damage.":[155,167],"Electronic":[156],"microscope":[157],"scanning":[158],"verified":[162],"types":[165]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2786589907","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-04T15:38:24.046124","created_date":"2018-02-23"}