乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158482272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708","title":"Enhancement of Background Subtraction Techniques Using a Second Derivative in Gradient Direction Filter","display_name":"Enhancement of Background Subtraction Techniques Using a Second Derivative in Gradient Direction Filter","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158482272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708","mag":"2158482272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2013/598708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2013/598708.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101411124","display_name":"Farah Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Yasmin Abdul Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019902685","display_name":"Aini Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aini Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043958769","display_name":"Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075527087","display_name":"Halimah Badioze Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1553-3785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halimah Badioze Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000185473","display_name":"Nooritawati Md Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-8963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nooritawati Md Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019902685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.733,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.839607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":90},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.54314345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.41763815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement","score":0.41343278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.76960385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.73982555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6245024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5568216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.55636567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.54314345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5386673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5074877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5029072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48764694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4692977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44574746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.41763815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4157791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.41343278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23505372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12820235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06644276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2013/598708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4423749144341f38980fc0e1413c752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2013/598708.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565147430","https://openalex.org/W1875627200","https://openalex.org/W1967417841","https://openalex.org/W1974558763","https://openalex.org/W2058668884","https://openalex.org/W2066132206","https://openalex.org/W2073104454","https://openalex.org/W2100234160","https://openalex.org/W2110995562","https://openalex.org/W2116629447","https://openalex.org/W2120552701","https://openalex.org/W2121274305","https://openalex.org/W2122423951","https://openalex.org/W2122908400","https://openalex.org/W2125096361","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2127304305","https://openalex.org/W2132221806","https://openalex.org/W2135510539","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2143803155","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2147190441","https://openalex.org/W2160933580","https://openalex.org/W2161079788","https://openalex.org/W2993281142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W28439884","https://openalex.org/W2798919479","https://openalex.org/W2753866198","https://openalex.org/W2610698896","https://openalex.org/W2541678703","https://openalex.org/W2427283480","https://openalex.org/W2369265144","https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W2090049157","https://openalex.org/W1985311171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,142],"approach":[2],"was":[3,63,74,79],"proposed":[4],"to":[5,81,96],"improve":[6],"traditional":[7],"background":[8],"subtraction":[9],"(BGS)":[10],"techniques":[11],"by":[12],"integrating":[13],"a":[14,19],"gradient-based":[15],"edge":[16,83],"detector":[17],"called":[18],"second":[20],"derivative":[21],"in":[22],"gradient":[23],"direction":[24],"(SDGD)":[25],"filter":[26,78,108],"with":[27,109],"the":[28,58,66,71,86,98,106,122],"BGS":[29,34,91,112,144],"output.":[30],"The":[31,60,76,101],"four":[32],"fundamental":[33],"techniques,":[35],"namely,":[36],"frame":[37],"difference":[38],"(FD),":[39],"approximate":[40],"median":[41],"(AM),":[42],"running":[43,47],"average":[44,49,128],"(RA),":[45],"and":[46,70,116,127],"Gaussian":[48],"(RGA),":[50],"showed":[51],"imperfect":[52],"foreground":[53],"pixels":[54],"generated":[55],"specifically":[56],"at":[57],"boundary.":[59],"pixel":[61],"intensity":[62],"lesser":[64],"than":[65],"preset":[67],"threshold":[68],"value,":[69],"blob":[72],"size":[73],"smaller.":[75],"SDGD":[77,107],"introduced":[80],"enhance":[82],"detection":[84],"upon":[85,147],"completion":[87],"of":[88],"each":[89,110],"basic":[90],"technique":[92,145],"as":[93,95,134],"well":[94],"complement":[97],"missing":[99],"pixels.":[100],"results":[102],"proved":[103,131],"that":[104,140],"fusing":[105],"elementary":[111],"increased":[113],"segmentation":[114],"performance":[115],"suited":[117],"postrecording":[118],"video":[119],"applications.":[120],"Evidently,":[121],"analysis":[123],"using":[124],"F":[125],"-score":[126],"accuracy":[129],"percentage":[130],"this,":[132],"and,":[133],"such,":[135],"it":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138],"concluded":[139],"this":[141],"hybrid":[143],"improved":[146],"existing":[148],"techniques.":[149]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158482272","counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-07T15:25:12.939555","created_date":"2016-06-24"}