{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073041235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/685950","title":"The Economics of Community Open Source Software Projects: An Empirical Analysis of Maintenance Effort","display_name":"The Economics of Community Open Source Software Projects: An Empirical Analysis of Maintenance Effort","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073041235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/685950","mag":"2073041235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/685950","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2010/685950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78701549","display_name":"Advances in Software Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8655","issn":["1687-8655","1687-8663"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2010/685950.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014972985","display_name":"Eugenio Capra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Capra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006356583","display_name":"Chiara Francalanci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Francalanci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018595219","display_name":"Francesco Merlo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-2877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Merlo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.935151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":83,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":"2010","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain-software","display_name":"Public domain software","score":0.5772261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical Research","score":0.54432666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.70006204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.67748255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172092558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037852","display_name":"Public domain software","level":4,"score":0.5772261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.5488489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.54432666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5371049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5010288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.47676212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4650119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4443783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3485204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.28272754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17738909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09434557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09359634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/685950","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2010/685950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78701549","display_name":"Advances in Software Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8655","issn":["1687-8655","1687-8663"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/47786","pdf_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/47786/files/fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/685950","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2010/685950.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78701549","display_name":"Advances in Software Engineering","issn_l":"1687-8655","issn":["1687-8655","1687-8663"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.43,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.4,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132416764","https://openalex.org/W1493688518","https://openalex.org/W1502724100","https://openalex.org/W1515447595","https://openalex.org/W1520654809","https://openalex.org/W1525022364","https://openalex.org/W1570389551","https://openalex.org/W1588900054","https://openalex.org/W1591311008","https://openalex.org/W1606787793","https://openalex.org/W1965110090","https://openalex.org/W1966430927","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W1994410397","https://openalex.org/W2000169455","https://openalex.org/W2000228884","https://openalex.org/W2012746045","https://openalex.org/W2024880014","https://openalex.org/W2026152580","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2037193281","https://openalex.org/W2041114254","https://openalex.org/W2045521729","https://openalex.org/W2045749853","https://openalex.org/W2051174844","https://openalex.org/W2058549730","https://openalex.org/W2075848956","https://openalex.org/W2083790473","https://openalex.org/W2088449301","https://openalex.org/W2092528416","https://openalex.org/W2096547436","https://openalex.org/W2097120616","https://openalex.org/W2100064951","https://openalex.org/W2101728371","https://openalex.org/W2107176022","https://openalex.org/W2115826798","https://openalex.org/W2116374224","https://openalex.org/W2116805092","https://openalex.org/W2120787072","https://openalex.org/W2130060711","https://openalex.org/W2134176539","https://openalex.org/W2142856411","https://openalex.org/W2146134503","https://openalex.org/W2147417089","https://openalex.org/W2147956392","https://openalex.org/W2151187574","https://openalex.org/W2151566613","https://openalex.org/W2152458990","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2159118518","https://openalex.org/W2160198296","https://openalex.org/W2163936237","https://openalex.org/W2168719198","https://openalex.org/W2168932762","https://openalex.org/W2169810481","https://openalex.org/W2171383742","https://openalex.org/W2171711001","https://openalex.org/W2551072204","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W50692281","https://openalex.org/W84765714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312579929","https://openalex.org/W3089977198","https://openalex.org/W2340712535","https://openalex.org/W2181325205","https://openalex.org/W2169503241","https://openalex.org/W2136201887","https://openalex.org/W2129476935","https://openalex.org/W2113128227","https://openalex.org/W2104915799","https://openalex.org/W1992074508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"contributions":[1],"in":[2,40],"the":[3,44,48,60,85,102,138],"empirical":[4],"software":[5],"engineering":[6],"literature":[7],"have":[8],"consistently":[9],"observed":[10],"a":[11,19,53,58,70,89,111,124],"quality":[12,49],"degradation":[13,24],"effect":[14,87],"of":[15,21,50,63,78,91,107,127],"proprietary":[16],"code":[17,51],"as":[18,28],"consequence":[20],"maintenance.":[22],"This":[23],"effect,":[25,30],"referred":[26],"to":[27,34,82,137],"entropy":[29,86,139],"has":[31],"been":[32],"recognized":[33],"be":[35],"responsible":[36],"for":[37,88],"significant":[38],"increases":[39],"maintenance":[41,61,128],"effort.":[42],"In":[43],"Open":[45,64,94,120],"Source":[46,65,95,121],"context,":[47],"is":[52,81],"fundamental":[54],"design":[55],"principle.":[56],"As":[57],"consequence,":[59],"effort":[62,108,113,129],"applications":[66,122],"may":[67],"not":[68],"show":[69,123],"similar":[71],"increasing":[72],"trend":[73],"over":[74,130],"time.":[75],"The":[76],"goal":[77],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"empirically":[83],"verify":[84],"sample":[90],"4,289":[92],"community":[93,119],"application":[96],"versions.":[97],"Analyses":[98],"are":[99,134],"based":[100],"on":[101],"comparison":[103],"with":[104,110],"an":[105],"estimate":[106],"obtained":[109],"traditional":[112],"estimation":[114],"model.":[115],"Findings":[116],"indicate":[117],"that":[118],"slower":[125],"growth":[126],"time,":[131],"and,":[132],"therefore,":[133],"less":[135],"subject":[136],"effect.":[140]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073041235","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-18T10:09:29.168427","created_date":"2016-06-24"}