乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083344696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.363.0435","title":"Use of natural language for knowledge acquisition: Strategies to cope with semantic and pragmatic variation","display_name":"Use of natural language for knowledge acquisition: Strategies to cope with semantic and pragmatic variation","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083344696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.363.0435","mag":"2083344696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.363.0435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011426820","display_name":"Th. Wetter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Wetter","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Germany, Scientific Center, Wilckensstrasse la, 06900 Heidelberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Germany, Scientific Center, Wilckensstrasse la, 06900 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069997361","display_name":"Ralf N\u00fcse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Nuse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Heidelbelg and IBM Germany, Scientific Center, Wilckensstrasse la, 06900, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Heidelbelg and IBM Germany, Scientific Center, Wilckensstrasse la, 06900, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.757628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":78,"max":79},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"435","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"Knowledge Acquisition","score":0.55056065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.53018445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.66119474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5797529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.55056065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.53018445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.52537453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49783874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47704333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.42567867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.17742905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07495737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.363.0435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219925","display_name":"IBM Journal of Research and Development","issn_l":"0018-8646","issn":["0018-8646","2151-8556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320652","host_organization_name":"IBM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IBM"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.85}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147397090","https://openalex.org/W1493596129","https://openalex.org/W1495949396","https://openalex.org/W1495992623","https://openalex.org/W1549026077","https://openalex.org/W1608857573","https://openalex.org/W1637480429","https://openalex.org/W1665484771","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1895273801","https://openalex.org/W1969787028","https://openalex.org/W1988091891","https://openalex.org/W1990673309","https://openalex.org/W1990825441","https://openalex.org/W1991880520","https://openalex.org/W1997210479","https://openalex.org/W1998719365","https://openalex.org/W2004415003","https://openalex.org/W2008945285","https://openalex.org/W2029729503","https://openalex.org/W2048866168","https://openalex.org/W2049297060","https://openalex.org/W2068026871","https://openalex.org/W2070377611","https://openalex.org/W2080370142","https://openalex.org/W2084518150","https://openalex.org/W2085891175","https://openalex.org/W2123987305","https://openalex.org/W2153136292","https://openalex.org/W2167702024","https://openalex.org/W2170790946","https://openalex.org/W2398988236","https://openalex.org/W2410226186","https://openalex.org/W2477744510","https://openalex.org/W3215907522","https://openalex.org/W408871177","https://openalex.org/W580427302","https://openalex.org/W628733487","https://openalex.org/W631036535","https://openalex.org/W642486770","https://openalex.org/W77209766","https://openalex.org/W99173774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310801723","https://openalex.org/W2913520953","https://openalex.org/W2551652406","https://openalex.org/W2401646948","https://openalex.org/W2383292628","https://openalex.org/W2347892883","https://openalex.org/W2347443960","https://openalex.org/W2079798264","https://openalex.org/W1641801284","https://openalex.org/W120710326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"large":[1],"amount":[2],"of":[3,20,32,41,47,56,63,67,73,91,99,106,167],"verbal":[4],"data":[5,13],"from":[6,87],"common":[7],"knowledge-elicitation":[8],"methods":[9],"suggests":[10],"using":[11,155],"the":[12,30,44,48,57,61,65,71,82,88,97,129,135,164,168],"directly":[14,154],"for":[15,158],"knowledge":[16,68,101,159],"acquisition":[17],"by":[18],"means":[19],"sophisticated":[21],"natural-language":[22],"analyzers":[23],"(NLAs).":[24],"In":[25,43],"this":[26,140],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,50,95,121],"analyze":[29,148],"feasibility":[31],"such":[33],"an":[34],"approach":[35],"theoretically":[36],"and":[37,76,81,105,131,149,161],"present":[38,165],"a":[39,53],"number":[40],"examples.":[42],"theoretical":[45,142],"part":[46],"text":[49],"first":[51],"provide":[52],"detailed":[54],"analysis":[55],"entities":[58,130],"involved,":[59],"i.e.,":[60],"domains":[62],"expertise,":[64],"qualities":[66],"about":[69],"domains,":[70],"properties":[72],"generic":[74],"sentences":[75],"texts":[77],"in":[78,118],"natural":[79,103,108,156],"languages,":[80],"conclusions":[83],"to":[84,133,147],"be":[85,145],"drawn":[86],"limited":[89],"expressiveness":[90],"formal":[92,111],"representations.":[93],"Then":[94],"discuss":[96],"processes":[98],"transforming":[100,107],"into":[102,110],"language":[104,109,157],"language.":[112],"Since":[113],"much":[114],"can":[115,144],"go":[116],"wrong":[117],"both":[119],"processes,":[120],"derive":[122],"desired":[123],"relations":[124],"or":[125],"validity":[126],"criteria":[127],"among":[128],"strategies":[132],"meet":[134],"criteria.":[136],"We":[137],"believe":[138],"that":[139],"broad":[141],"framework":[143],"used":[146],"compare":[150],"existing":[151],"attempts":[152],"at":[153],"acquisition,":[160],"thus":[162],"assess":[163],"status":[166],"field.":[169]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083344696","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-01-17T20:37:55.318092","created_date":"2016-06-24"}