{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976396219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/368834.368868","title":"Programmed methods for printer graphical output","display_name":"Programmed methods for printer graphical output","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976396219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/368834.368868","mag":"1976396219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/368834.368868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/368834.368868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/368834.368868","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088969123","display_name":"David Garfinkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138366","display_name":"Johnson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/037d2wg57","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Garfinkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johnson Foundation for Medical Physics, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johnson Foundation for Medical Physics, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138366"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088969123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.76,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.662463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":74,"max":77},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"9","first_page":"477","last_page":"479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.8493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.8493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.8345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14320","display_name":"Optics and Image Analysis","score":0.79,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plotter","display_name":"Plotter","score":0.93778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-display","display_name":"Graphical display","score":0.7270318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4621964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.41361615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124772163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193255","display_name":"Plotter","level":2,"score":0.93778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75486064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984927552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845734","display_name":"Graphical display","level":2,"score":0.7270318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.63575834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4621964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.43889746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4326867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.42640322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.41361615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.38820028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2717595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1496875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.104130894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09491098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/368834.368868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/368834.368868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/368834.368868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/368834.368868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W564676403","https://openalex.org/W3123700450","https://openalex.org/W304199815","https://openalex.org/W2953739956","https://openalex.org/W2378922434","https://openalex.org/W2163790766","https://openalex.org/W2158284914","https://openalex.org/W2090692903","https://openalex.org/W2024299856","https://openalex.org/W1667641081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,15,37,72,83],"frequently":[2],"desirable":[3],"to":[4,107,138],"display":[5],"the":[6,19,49,55],"results":[7],"of":[8,21,51,61,80,96],"computation":[9],"in":[10,39],"a":[11,59],"graphical":[12,32,62,81,112],"form.":[13],"This":[14],"often":[16],"done":[17],"through":[18],"use":[20],"special":[22,52,78],"hardware":[23,53],"such":[24,68],"as":[25,69],"digital":[26],"X":[27],",":[28],"Y":[29],"-plotters.":[30],"Programmed":[31],"output":[33,63,82,117],"for":[34,54,114,145],"standard":[35],"printers":[36],"preferable":[38],"several":[40],"situations:":[41],"(1)":[42],"when":[43,58,76],"economic":[44],"considerations":[45],"do":[46],"not":[47],"justify":[48],"expense":[50],"purpose,":[56],"(2)":[57],"combination":[60],"with":[64],"some":[65,77],"other":[66],"kind,":[67],"explanatory":[70],"material,":[71],"desired,":[73],"and":[74,130,142],"(3)":[75],"variety":[79],"needed":[84],"which":[85],"cannot":[86],"readily":[87],"be":[88],"drawn":[89],"by":[90,102,116],"an":[91,134],"analog":[92],"device.":[93],"A":[94],"number":[95],"routines":[97],"have":[98],"been":[99,128],"prepared":[100],"(primarily":[101],"users":[103],"rather":[104],"than":[105],"manufacturers)":[106],"convert":[108],"numerical":[109],"data":[110],"into":[111],"form":[113],"printing":[115],"typewriters":[118],"or":[119],"line":[120],"printers.":[121],"Virtually":[122],"nothing":[123],"on":[124],"this":[125,131,140],"subject":[126],"has":[127],"published,":[129],"report":[132],"represents":[133],"admittedly":[135],"incomplete":[136],"attempt":[137],"describe":[139],"technique":[141],"suggest":[143],"possibilities":[144],"its":[146],"use.":[147]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976396219","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-01-20T12:36:11.376184","created_date":"2016-06-24"}