{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229075980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507309","title":"Model checking of vulnerabilities in smart contracts","display_name":"Model checking of vulnerabilities in smart contracts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229075980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051089919","display_name":"Ikram Garfatta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}],"countries":["FR","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikram Garfatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia and University Sorbonne Paris North, Villetaneuse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia and University Sorbonne Paris North, Villetaneuse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082","https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011835200","display_name":"Ka\u00efs Klai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5494-913X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka\u00efs Klai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Sorbonne Paris North, Villetaneuse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Sorbonne Paris North, Villetaneuse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061166635","display_name":"Mohamed Gra\u00efet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-7254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094214","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/00k206f19","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094214","https://openalex.org/I4210108488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84009706","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration \u00c9conomique","ror":"https://ror.org/01fz7mn40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108488","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I84009706"]}],"countries":["FR","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Gra\u00efet","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (Campus de Ker-Lann \r\nRue Blaise Pascal \r\nBP 37203 \r\n35172 BRUZ cedex - France)","University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (Campus de Ker-Lann \r\nRue Blaise Pascal \r\nBP 37203 \r\n35172 BRUZ cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094214","https://openalex.org/I84009706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084851123","display_name":"Walid Gaaloul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-532X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153010","display_name":"Telecom SudParis","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvk4r52","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid Gaaloul","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACMES-SAMOVAR - Architecture, Cloud continuum, formal Models, artificial intElligence and Services in distributed computing (TELECOM Sudparis\r\n 9 rue Charles Fourier\r\n 91011 EVRY - France)","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACMES-SAMOVAR - Architecture, Cloud continuum, formal Models, artificial intElligence and Services in distributed computing (TELECOM Sudparis\r\n 9 rue Charles Fourier\r\n 91011 EVRY - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (France)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.812687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":81,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"316","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidity","display_name":"Solidity","score":0.7428453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.56678414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.51787996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.80360436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76773524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24909565","display_name":"Solidity","level":2,"score":0.7428453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.56678414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.51787996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5005777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.47420102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4777664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536492","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.43099356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.42404652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.4240176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.41671646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34083605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27695954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15350816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03992692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1829244603","https://openalex.org/W1965024948","https://openalex.org/W1993375778","https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2495597431","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2598139937","https://openalex.org/W2778144710","https://openalex.org/W2908007588","https://openalex.org/W2914082976","https://openalex.org/W3009529394","https://openalex.org/W3128745440","https://openalex.org/W4206981433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386953084","https://openalex.org/W4312481262","https://openalex.org/W4287995944","https://openalex.org/W3114658934","https://openalex.org/W3112215678","https://openalex.org/W3043760424","https://openalex.org/W2996623661","https://openalex.org/W2980898496","https://openalex.org/W2900489213","https://openalex.org/W2768947429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,4,24,42,53,56,61,64,81,89,141,153,185,191,198,204,216,221,244,249,252],"benefits":[2],"that":[3,36,123,201],"Blockchain":[5],"technology":[6],"brings":[7],"to":[8,40,59,67,74,105,130,155,161,215,230,256],"many":[9],"application":[10],"fields,":[11],"its":[12,46],"adoption":[13],"does":[14],"not":[15,97,103],"come":[16],"without":[17],"challenges.":[18],"Smart":[19],"contracts,":[20],"which":[21,151],"are":[22],"at":[23],"core":[25],"of":[26,55,63,119,143,187,206,220,251],"2nd":[27],"generation":[28],"blockchains,":[29],"can":[30,37,202,212,226],"often":[31,84],"be":[32,38,68,213,228],"riddled":[33],"with":[34,159],"vulnerabilities":[35,77,232,242,259],"exploited":[39],"attack":[41],"platform":[43],"and":[44,193],"threaten":[45],"security.":[47],"It":[48],"is":[49,92,115,138],"therefore":[50],"crucial":[51],"for":[52,240],"protection":[54],"designed":[57],"systems":[58],"prove":[60],"correctness":[62,205],"smart":[65,145,157,208],"contracts":[66,146,158,222],"deployed.":[69],"Approaches":[70],"have":[71,125],"been":[72],"proposed":[73,126],"detect":[75,257],"generic":[76],"like":[78],"reentrancy,":[79],"but":[80],"results":[82],"would":[83],"include":[85],"false":[86],"positives":[87],"where":[88],"detected":[90],"bug":[91],"either":[93],"non":[94],"existent":[95],"or":[96,218],"exploitable.":[98],"Besides,":[99],"such":[100],"approaches":[101],"do":[102],"offer":[104],"check":[106,267],"contract-specific":[107,269],"properties.":[108,270],"The":[109],"work":[110,175],"presented":[111],"in":[112,127,190],"this":[113,132],"paper":[114],"situated":[116],"as":[117,164,233,264,266],"part":[118],"a":[120,207],"formal":[121],"approach":[122,137],"we":[124,171,234],"an":[128],"attempt":[129],"bridge":[131],"gap.":[133],"This":[134],"previously":[135],"outlined":[136],"based":[139],"on":[140,176,197],"transformation":[142,192],"Solidity":[144],"into":[147,183],"Coloured":[148],"Petri":[149],"nets,":[150],"provides":[152],"possibility":[154],"verify":[156],"reference":[160],"properties":[162,200,211],"expressed":[163],"Linear":[165],"Temporal":[166],"Logic":[167],"(LTL)":[168],"formulae.":[169],"Herein":[170],"extend":[172],"our":[173],"previous":[174],"mainly":[177],"two":[178],"levels:":[179],"first,":[180],"by":[181,195,236],"taking":[182],"account":[184],"concept":[186],"function":[188],"calls":[189],"second,":[194],"focusing":[196],"LTL":[199,238],"define":[203],"contract.":[209],"Such":[210],"specific":[214],"control-":[217],"data-flow":[219],"being":[223],"checked.":[224],"They":[225],"also":[227],"used":[229],"express":[231],"showcase":[235],"proposing":[237],"formalizations":[239],"six":[241],"from":[243],"literature.":[245],"We":[246],"then":[247],"leverage":[248],"capability":[250],"Helena":[253],"model":[254],"checker":[255],"these":[258],"while":[260],"discerning":[261],"their":[262],"exploitability,":[263],"well":[265],"temporal-based":[268]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229075980","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-23T19:04:58.480459","created_date":"2022-05-08"}