{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080633437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385955.3407926","title":"Walk Ratio: Perception of an Invariant Parameter of Human Walk on Virtual Characters","display_name":"Walk Ratio: Perception of an Invariant Parameter of Human Walk on Virtual Characters","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080633437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385955.3407926","mag":"3080633437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385955.3407926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417582","display_name":"ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03009041/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034169701","display_name":"Benjamin Niay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Niay","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004495514","display_name":"Anne\u2010H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Olivier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-020X"},"institutions":[],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039000254","display_name":"Katja Zibrek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-3472"},"institutions":[],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katja Zibrek","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035791250","display_name":"Julien Pettr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-1436"},"institutions":[],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Pettr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAINBOW - Sensor-based and interactive robotics (Campus de Beaulieu\r\n35042 Rennes cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAINBOW - Sensor-based and interactive robotics (Campus de Beaulieu\r\n35042 Rennes cedex - France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032618673","display_name":"Ludovic Hoyet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-6049"},"institutions":[],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovic Hoyet","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIMETIC - Analysis-Synthesis Approach for Virtual Human Simulation (Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes cedex - France)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.809413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":69,"max":73},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-simulation","display_name":"Crowd Simulation","score":0.45093995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-animation","display_name":"Character Animation","score":0.42595616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4211198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.77804005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.67115724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6446145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6174824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.51077867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4564003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45617602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Crowd simulation","level":3,"score":0.45093995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90697248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062896","display_name":"Character animation","level":4,"score":0.42595616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4211198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4205243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41251284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3983692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37793925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.3757494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37178525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.25376457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23190987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17867556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1528278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09268963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3385955.3407926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417582","display_name":"ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03009041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03009041","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03009041/document","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03009041/file/SAP_2020_Perception_WR.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03009041/file/SAP_2020_Perception_WR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03009041/document","pdf_url":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03009041/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03009041","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-03009041/document","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651490492","https://openalex.org/W1748162702","https://openalex.org/W1963830580","https://openalex.org/W1974078030","https://openalex.org/W1977060346","https://openalex.org/W1979164382","https://openalex.org/W1982936744","https://openalex.org/W1986874010","https://openalex.org/W1996374609","https://openalex.org/W2000468033","https://openalex.org/W2005758226","https://openalex.org/W2010542681","https://openalex.org/W2022808661","https://openalex.org/W2024679093","https://openalex.org/W2028952633","https://openalex.org/W2031351879","https://openalex.org/W2034713791","https://openalex.org/W2048278859","https://openalex.org/W2048301879","https://openalex.org/W2057312281","https://openalex.org/W2059800402","https://openalex.org/W2060969870","https://openalex.org/W2064134170","https://openalex.org/W2067111189","https://openalex.org/W2067581867","https://openalex.org/W2071214501","https://openalex.org/W2083382040","https://openalex.org/W2090267299","https://openalex.org/W2090690829","https://openalex.org/W2091542197","https://openalex.org/W2096183091","https://openalex.org/W2099634219","https://openalex.org/W2100549264","https://openalex.org/W2106432543","https://openalex.org/W2122373614","https://openalex.org/W2131467420","https://openalex.org/W2137267908","https://openalex.org/W2138941277","https://openalex.org/W2144481990","https://openalex.org/W2145802497","https://openalex.org/W2148941619","https://openalex.org/W2151857564","https://openalex.org/W2219046586","https://openalex.org/W2464033120","https://openalex.org/W2469134594","https://openalex.org/W2605611727","https://openalex.org/W2625810371","https://openalex.org/W2754672500","https://openalex.org/W2972022965","https://openalex.org/W3147037079","https://openalex.org/W4205471895","https://openalex.org/W4231947169","https://openalex.org/W4239252768","https://openalex.org/W4243294870","https://openalex.org/W4248876013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230189742","https://openalex.org/W3043995842","https://openalex.org/W2944838502","https://openalex.org/W2911613207","https://openalex.org/W2559730559","https://openalex.org/W2535198484","https://openalex.org/W2094931707","https://openalex.org/W2077952221","https://openalex.org/W2060401867","https://openalex.org/W2036586770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthesizing":[0],"motions":[1,18,36],"that":[2,65,176,210,228],"look":[3],"realistic":[4],"and":[5,43,80,119,143,162,191,227,239,268],"diverse":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,14,31,74,168,188,266],"challenging":[9],"task":[10],"in":[11,217,224,244],"animation.":[12],"Therefore,":[13],"few":[15],"generic":[16],"walking":[17,26,99,147,258,278],"are":[19,37],"typically":[20],"used":[21,129],"when":[22,186],"creating":[23],"crowds":[24],"of":[25,33,69,90,97,133,159,220,236,257,280,289],"virtual":[27,45,134,189,259],"characters,":[28,241],"leading":[29],"to":[30,41,54,60,72,92,106,113,116,130,171,194,253,275],"lack":[32],"variations":[34,71],"as":[35,153,155,179,242,265],"not":[38],"necessarily":[39],"adapted":[40],"each":[42,117,184],"every":[44],"character's":[46],"characteristics.":[47],"While":[48],"some":[49],"attempts":[50],"have":[51],"been":[52,128],"made":[53],"create":[55],"variations,":[56],"it":[57,193],"appears":[58],"necessary":[59],"identify":[61,93,172],"the":[62,88,101,173,180,195,201,204,218,225,233,245,255,262,277,287,290],"relevant":[63],"parameters":[64,284],"influence":[66],"users'":[67],"perception":[68],"such":[70],"keep":[73],"good":[75],"trade-off":[76],"between":[77,232],"computational":[78],"costs":[79],"realism.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83,137],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,139],"therefore":[86],"investigate":[87],"ability":[89],"viewers":[91],"an":[94],"invariant":[95],"parameter":[96],"human":[98],"named":[100],"Walk":[102,174,196,211,221,234,263],"Ratio":[103,175,197,264],"(step":[104],"length":[105],"step":[107,160,163],"frequency":[108,161],"ratio),":[109],"which":[110,125],"was":[111,177],"shown":[112],"be":[114],"specific":[115],"individual":[118],"constant":[120],"for":[121,183],"different":[122,149,157],"speeds,":[123,152],"but":[124],"has":[126],"never":[127],"drive":[131,254],"animations":[132],"characters.":[135],"To":[136],"end,":[138],"captured":[140],"2":[141,144],"female":[142,240],"male":[145,238],"actors":[146],"at":[148,156],"freely":[150,198],"chosen":[151,199,213],"well":[154],"combinations":[158],"length.":[164],"We":[165,208],"then":[166],"performed":[167],"perceptual":[169],"study":[170],"perceived":[178,230],"most":[181],"natural":[182],"actor":[185,202],"animating":[187],"character,":[190],"compared":[192],"by":[200,214],"during":[203],"motion":[205],"capture":[206],"session.":[207],"found":[209],"Ratios":[212,222,235],"observers":[215],"were":[216],"range":[219],"measured":[223],"literature,":[226],"participants":[229],"differences":[231],"animated":[237],"evidenced":[243],"biomechanical":[246],"literature.":[247],"Our":[248],"results":[249],"provide":[250,270],"new":[251],"considerations":[252],"animation":[256],"characters":[260,281],"using":[261],"parameter,":[267],"might":[269],"animators":[271],"with":[272],"novel":[273],"means":[274],"control":[276],"speed":[279],"through":[282],"simple":[283],"while":[285],"retaining":[286],"naturalness":[288],"locomotion.":[291]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3080633437","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-02T01:07:03.374340","created_date":"2020-09-01"}