{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3103101828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331312","title":"A study on the Interpretability of Neural Retrieval Models using DeepSHAP","display_name":"A study on the Interpretability of Neural Retrieval Models using DeepSHAP","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3103101828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331312","mag":"3103101828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"preprint","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.06484","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058433376","display_name":"Zeon Trevor Fernando","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136150","display_name":"L3S Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039t4wk02","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I4210136150","https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeon Trevor Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714939","display_name":"Jaspreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136150","display_name":"L3S Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039t4wk02","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I4210136150","https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaspreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075681290","display_name":"Avishek Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136150","display_name":"L3S Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039t4wk02","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I4210136150","https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avishek Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136150"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999926,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9605483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness","score":0.68990415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep Neural Networks","score":0.46654105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4461794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9605483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.77540445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.68990415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.66264427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.61220235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5804266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.50374335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.482762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.46654105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4461794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42344755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41035473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39481285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34146285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3331184.3331312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06484","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.06484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1907.06484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06484","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.06484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.46,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W2954902138","https://openalex.org/W3103101828"],"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1562353621","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2118022153","https://openalex.org/W2164878629","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2286300105","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2536015822","https://openalex.org/W2561412020","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2738347542","https://openalex.org/W2739474334","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2889661646","https://openalex.org/W2890881127","https://openalex.org/W2891482011","https://openalex.org/W2927996276","https://openalex.org/W2949989304","https://openalex.org/W2950178297","https://openalex.org/W2962843949","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W3121410165","https://openalex.org/W3124792046","https://openalex.org/W4289544034","https://openalex.org/W4289548169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388585741","https://openalex.org/W4379116102","https://openalex.org/W4319993887","https://openalex.org/W4297789176","https://openalex.org/W4293768783","https://openalex.org/W4288347394","https://openalex.org/W2998594699","https://openalex.org/W2963249138","https://openalex.org/W2809283485","https://openalex.org/W2768346313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"trend":[2],"in":[3,96,161,225],"IR":[4],"has":[5,126],"been":[6,68,127],"the":[7,54,75,80,94,97,104,114,146,162,180,194,203],"usage":[8],"of":[9,85,148,164,207,230],"neural":[10,65],"networks":[11,66],"to":[12,42,50,78,118,136,144,185,217],"learn":[13],"retrieval":[14,33],"models":[15,34],"for":[16,59,88,99,130,210],"text":[17],"based":[18],"adhoc":[19],"search.":[20],"While":[21,124],"various":[22,171],"approaches":[23,58],"and":[24,191,205,227],"architectures":[25],"have":[26,67],"yielded":[27],"significantly":[28],"better":[29],"performance":[30],"than":[31],"traditional":[32],"such":[35],"as":[36],"BM25,":[37],"it":[38,134,143],"is":[39,48,156],"still":[40],"difficult":[41],"understand":[43],"exactly":[44],"why":[45],"a":[46,51,89,100,108,120,157],"document":[47,174],"relevant":[49],"query.":[52],"In":[53,111,153,166],"ML":[55],"community":[56],"several":[57],"explaining":[60],"decisions":[61],"made":[62],"by":[63,92,107,183],"deep":[64],"proposed":[69],"--":[70],"including":[71],"DeepSHAP":[72,125,184],"which":[73],"modifies":[74],"DeepLift":[76],"algorithm":[77],"estimate":[79],"relative":[81],"importance":[82],"(shapley":[83],"values)":[84],"input":[86,116,173],"features":[87],"given":[90,101],"decision":[91],"comparing":[93],"activations":[95,105],"network":[98],"image":[102,112,131,160],"against":[103],"caused":[106],"reference":[109,115,172],"input.":[110],"classification,":[113],"tends":[117],"be":[119,137],"plain":[121],"black":[122],"image.":[123],"well":[128],"studied":[129],"classification":[132],"tasks,":[133],"remains":[135],"seen":[138],"how":[139],"we":[140,169,178,215],"can":[141],"adapt":[142],"explain":[145],"output":[147],"Neural":[149],"Retrieval":[150],"Models":[151],"(NRMs).":[152],"particular,":[154],"what":[155],"good":[158],"\"black\"":[159],"context":[163],"IR?":[165],"this":[167,213],"paper":[168,214],"explored":[170],"construction":[175],"techniques.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"compared":[179],"explanations":[181,195,208],"generated":[182],"LIME":[186],"(a":[187],"model":[188],"agnostic":[189],"approach)":[190],"found":[192],"that":[193],"differ":[196],"considerably.":[197],"Our":[198],"study":[199],"raises":[200],"concerns":[201],"regarding":[202],"robustness":[204],"accuracy":[206],"produced":[209],"NRMs.":[211],"With":[212],"aim":[216],"shed":[218],"light":[219],"on":[220],"interesting":[221],"problems":[222],"surrounding":[223],"interpretability":[224],"NRMs":[226],"highlight":[228],"areas":[229],"future":[231],"work.":[232]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3103101828","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-07T20:58:03.006598","created_date":"2020-11-23"}