{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945485370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299874.3317966","title":"A Systolic SNN Inference Accelerator and its Co-optimized Software Framework","display_name":"A Systolic SNN Inference Accelerator and its Co-optimized Software Framework","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945485370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299874.3317966","mag":"2945485370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299874.3317966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084835984","display_name":"Shasha Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-9123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shasha Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435771","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006670088","display_name":"Shuquan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025178580","display_name":"Yu Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-9855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007869216","display_name":"Zhijie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651071","display_name":"Shiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-5802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112607124","display_name":"Zhige Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhige Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Defense Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Defense Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103276566","display_name":"Qiang Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.172,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.967401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.90638936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systolic-array","display_name":"Systolic array","score":0.69350034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5329391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.43910366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.90638936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7671118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150741067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377218","display_name":"Systolic array","level":3,"score":0.69350034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.58970946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5560006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5329391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.53171873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.52822256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.50703454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44579458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.43910366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4242531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4209673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39625686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38515875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35117763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27180213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18283811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.11234996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.099574745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299874.3317966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608736","display_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500036629","https://openalex.org/W1509443229","https://openalex.org/W1645800954","https://openalex.org/W1666962919","https://openalex.org/W186834029","https://openalex.org/W2020676607","https://openalex.org/W2036144665","https://openalex.org/W2088192327","https://openalex.org/W2101765488","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2158567876","https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2314601164","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2620342231","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2962836170","https://openalex.org/W2963140246","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W3149348938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386227043","https://openalex.org/W4321472116","https://openalex.org/W4287724471","https://openalex.org/W4281699635","https://openalex.org/W3214713078","https://openalex.org/W3202619090","https://openalex.org/W3161396968","https://openalex.org/W3102040318","https://openalex.org/W3035000326","https://openalex.org/W2786930404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"Deep":[1],"Neural":[2,23],"Network":[3,24],"(DNN)":[4],"architectures":[5],"have":[6],"made":[7],"some":[8],"breakthroughs":[9],"in":[10,45],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"tasks,":[13],"they":[14],"are":[15],"not":[16],"close":[17],"to":[18,29,120,122,127],"biological":[19],"brain":[20],"neurons.":[21],"Spiking":[22],"(SNN)":[25],"is":[26,176],"highly":[27],"expected":[28],"bridge":[30],"the":[31,73,95,108,116,133,163,166],"gap":[32],"between":[33],"artificial":[34],"computing":[35],"systems":[36],"and":[37,63,110,160,162],"bio-systems.":[38],"And":[39],"it":[40],"also":[41],"shows":[42],"great":[43],"potential":[44],"low":[46,53],"power":[47,54,172],"computing.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"presents":[51],"a":[52,64],"hardware":[55,74],"accelerator":[56,134],"for":[57,68,91,94,105],"SNN":[58,145],"inference":[59,146],"using":[60],"systolic":[61,78,92,117],"array,":[62],"corresponding":[65],"software":[66],"framework":[67],"optimization.":[69],"First,":[70],"we":[71,86,101,114],"give":[72],"design":[75],"which":[76],"adopts":[77],"array":[79,93,118],"inspired":[80],"by":[81],"explorations":[82],"of":[83,97,165,173],"SNN.":[84],"Then":[85],"ensure":[87],"correct":[88],"data":[89],"mapping":[90],"sake":[96],"computational":[98,129],"correctness.":[99],"Next,":[100],"use":[102],"compression":[103],"methods":[104],"decreasing":[106],"both":[107],"runtime":[109,164],"memory":[111],"footprint.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"make":[115],"size-configurable":[119],"adapt":[121],"different":[123],"input,":[124],"so":[125],"as":[126],"reduce":[128],"overhead.":[130],"We":[131],"implement":[132],"on":[135,147,153,158],"Xilinx":[136],"FPGA":[137],"V7":[138],"690T.":[139],"The":[140,170],"experimental":[141],"results":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"our":[148,174],"scheme":[149,175],"suffers":[150],"little":[151],"loss":[152],"accuracy":[154],"(less":[155],"than":[156],"0.1%)":[157],"MNIST":[159],"Fashion-MNIST,":[161],"time-consuming":[167],"layers":[168],"decreases.":[169],"total":[171],"0.745":[177],"W":[178],"at":[179],"100":[180],"MHz.":[181]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2945485370","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-21T09:39:28.672203","created_date":"2019-05-29"}