{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910858573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3224223","title":"Performance analysis of Microsoft's and Google's Emotion Recognition API using pose-invariant faces","display_name":"Performance analysis of Microsoft's and Google's Emotion Recognition API using pose-invariant faces","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910858573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3224223","mag":"2910858573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3224223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039199179","display_name":"Salik Ram Khanal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-3699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salik Ram Khanal","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078919198","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Barroso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-5104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Barroso","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032135502","display_name":"Nuno Vieira Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIDESD and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIDESD and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025825342","display_name":"Jaime Sampaio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2335-9991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Sampaio","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIDESD and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIDESD and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083616781","display_name":"V\u00edtor Filipe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edtor Filipe","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC and University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.996,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.911037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"172","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.7874315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"Disgust","score":0.7234465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.6503148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.7874315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.7234465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.6503148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.56598806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.53812194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.47398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46661726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.46083906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.45329684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28243136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1630092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3224223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070353225","https://openalex.org/W2506506742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365519294","https://openalex.org/W4242611441","https://openalex.org/W4238520549","https://openalex.org/W3216173459","https://openalex.org/W3179181153","https://openalex.org/W3135436127","https://openalex.org/W3031187173","https://openalex.org/W2805647211","https://openalex.org/W2794357331","https://openalex.org/W2100930849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"cloud":[1],"vision":[2],"APIs":[3,46],"are":[4],"available":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,31,39,50,61,80,107,123,154],"internet":[8],"to":[9,20,149],"recognize":[10,21],"emotion":[11,34,44],"from":[12],"facial":[13,51],"images":[14,52,66,124],"and":[15,77,128],"video":[16],"analysis.":[17],"The":[18,56,115,139],"capacity":[19],"emotions":[22,82],"under":[23,49],"various":[24,54],"poses":[25,72],"is":[26,47,98,111],"a":[27],"fundamental":[28],"requirement":[29],"in":[30,100,113],"area":[32],"of":[33,41,53,67,70,122,137],"recognition.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"performance":[40],"two":[42],"famous":[43],"recognition":[45,96],"evaluated":[48],"poses.":[55],"experiments":[57],"were":[58],"done":[59],"with":[60,79,125],"public":[62],"dataset":[63],"containing":[64],"980":[65],"each":[68],"type":[69],"five":[71],"[full-left,":[73],"half-left,":[74],"straight,":[75],"half-right,":[76],"full-right]":[78],"seven":[81],"(Anger,":[83],"Afraid,":[84],"Disgust,":[85],"Happiness,":[86],"Neutral,":[87],"Sadness,":[88],"Surprise).":[89],"It":[90],"has":[91],"been":[92],"discovered":[93],"that":[94],"overall":[95],"accuracy":[97],"best":[99],"Microsoft":[101,116,140],"Azure":[102],"for":[103],"straight":[104],"images,":[105],"whereas":[106,151],"face":[108],"detection":[109],"capability":[110],"better":[112],"Google.":[114],"did":[117],"not":[118],"detect":[119],"almost":[120,135],"any":[121],"full":[126,129],"left":[127],"right":[130],"profile,":[131],"but":[132],"Google":[133,152],"detected":[134],"all":[136],"them.":[138],"API":[141],"presents":[142,153],"an":[143],"average":[144],"true":[145,156],"positive":[146,157],"value":[147,158],"up":[148],"60%,":[150],"maximum":[155],"45.25%.":[159]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2910858573","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-03-18T22:35:53.043789","created_date":"2019-01-25"}