{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798482398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192379","title":"Spatial: a language and compiler for application accelerators","display_name":"Spatial: a language and compiler for application accelerators","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798482398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192379","mag":"2798482398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3192366.3192379","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3192366.3192379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018762260","display_name":"David Koeplinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Koeplinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090085702","display_name":"Matthew Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-6533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111746097","display_name":"Raghu Prabhakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghu Prabhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378919","display_name":"Yaqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6902-337X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048870398","display_name":"Stefan Hadjis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Hadjis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048120510","display_name":"Ruben Fiszel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Fiszel","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064644506","display_name":"Tian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008975166","display_name":"Luigi Nardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4601-2264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Nardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006068818","display_name":"Ardavan Pedram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ardavan Pedram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042148531","display_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-7530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023857198","display_name":"Kunle Olukotun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunle Olukotun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.609,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999247,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.87227696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.82948065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.62889606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5121076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4675827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.44804513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.44353735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.4392035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32344753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3192366.3192379","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192379","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3192366.3192379","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.86,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"SHF-1563078"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","award_id":"FA8750-14-2-0240"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969529818","https://openalex.org/W1971081903","https://openalex.org/W1980208272","https://openalex.org/W1983394510","https://openalex.org/W2018055497","https://openalex.org/W2036952936","https://openalex.org/W2039974221","https://openalex.org/W2055312318","https://openalex.org/W2074812550","https://openalex.org/W2075745057","https://openalex.org/W2085118703","https://openalex.org/W2106962797","https://openalex.org/W2133156997","https://openalex.org/W2162385899","https://openalex.org/W2296514843","https://openalex.org/W2343695530","https://openalex.org/W2466242877","https://openalex.org/W2474119684","https://openalex.org/W2511419816","https://openalex.org/W2515406844","https://openalex.org/W2517689844","https://openalex.org/W2585956997","https://openalex.org/W2586181036","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2626211758","https://openalex.org/W2626991402","https://openalex.org/W2729067184","https://openalex.org/W2952949371","https://openalex.org/W3083504653","https://openalex.org/W3100760381","https://openalex.org/W4210998841","https://openalex.org/W93901327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246454774","https://openalex.org/W3146558274","https://openalex.org/W2577630842","https://openalex.org/W2162051035","https://openalex.org/W2138790427","https://openalex.org/W2083681681","https://openalex.org/W2002505081","https://openalex.org/W1597127505","https://openalex.org/W1488300410","https://openalex.org/W1172579163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"is":[1],"increasingly":[2],"turning":[3],"to":[4,37],"reconfigurable":[5],"architectures":[6,21],"like":[7],"FPGAs":[8],"and":[9,14,34,55],"CGRAs":[10],"for":[11,32],"improved":[12],"performance":[13,60],"energy":[15],"efficiency.":[16],"Unfortunately,":[17],"adoption":[18],"of":[19,53],"these":[20],"has":[22],"been":[23],"limited":[24],"by":[25],"their":[26],"programming":[27],"models.":[28],"HDLs":[29],"lack":[30],"abstractions":[31,57],"productivity":[33],"are":[35,45],"difficult":[36],"target":[38],"from":[39],"higher":[40],"level":[41],"languages.":[42],"HLS":[43],"tools":[44],"more":[46],"productive,":[47],"but":[48],"offer":[49],"an":[50],"ad-hoc":[51],"mix":[52],"software":[54],"hardware":[56],"which":[58],"make":[59],"optimizations":[61],"difficult.":[62]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2798482398","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2024-12-07T08:25:14.536042","created_date":"2018-05-07"}