{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790216947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","title":"Watching for Software Inefficiencies with Witch","display_name":"Watching for Software Inefficiencies with Witch","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790216947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","mag":"2790216947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000445533","display_name":"Shasha Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shasha Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I267592682","https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102005958","display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2821-0339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I267592682","https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052541029","display_name":"John Byrne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055733971","display_name":"Milind Chabbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-7644"},"institutions":[],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milind Chabbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research&Scalable Machines Research, Cupertino, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research&Scalable Machines Research, Cupertino, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.466,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999253,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witch","display_name":"Witch","score":0.7986754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation","score":0.62665266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.55878717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.497139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595377","display_name":"Witch","level":2,"score":0.7986754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.78705645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7392609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.62665266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5764032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.55878717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5503648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5035829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.497139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4757697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10411677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3173162.3177159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.67,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100799353","https://openalex.org/W2152419477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400860681","https://openalex.org/W4388482952","https://openalex.org/W4206999239","https://openalex.org/W3015562293","https://openalex.org/W2787155073","https://openalex.org/W2786113878","https://openalex.org/W2740264376","https://openalex.org/W2727867943","https://openalex.org/W2161928627","https://openalex.org/W1978161581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inefficiencies":[0],"abound":[1],"in":[2,117,125],"complex,":[3],"layered":[4],"software.":[5],"A":[6],"variety":[7,74],"of":[8,75,106],"inefficiencies":[9,77,123],"show":[10],"up":[11],"as":[12],"wasteful":[13],"memory":[14,47,84],"operations.":[15],"Many":[16],"existing":[17],"tools":[18],"instrument":[19],"every":[20],"load":[21],"and":[22,32,60,82,86],"store":[23],"instruction":[24],"to":[25,44,91,98,102],"monitor":[26],"memory,":[27],"which":[28],"significantly":[29],"slows":[30],"execution":[31],"consumes":[33],"enormously":[34],"extra":[35],"memory.":[36],"Our":[37],"lightweight":[38],"framework,":[39],"Witch,":[40],"samples":[41],"consecutive":[42],"accesses":[43],"the":[45,55],"same":[46],"location":[48],"by":[49,110],"exploiting":[50],"two":[51],"ubiquitous":[52],"hardware":[53],"features:":[54],"performance":[56,115],"monitoring":[57],"units":[58],"(PMU)":[59],"debug":[61],"registers.":[62],"Witch":[63,95],"performs":[64],"no":[65],"instrumentation.":[66],"Hence,":[67],"witchcraft---tools":[68],"built":[69],"atop":[70],"Witch---can":[71],"detect":[72],"a":[73,103],"software":[76],"while":[78],"introducing":[79],"negligible":[80],"slowdown":[81],"insignificant":[83],"consumption":[85],"yet":[87],"maintaining":[88],"accuracy":[89],"comparable":[90],"exhaustive":[92],"instrumentation":[93],"tools.":[94],"allowed":[96],"us":[97],"scale":[99],"our":[100],"analysis":[101],"large":[104],"number":[105],"code":[107,119],"bases.":[108],"Guided":[109],"witchcraft,":[111],"we":[112],"detected":[113],"several":[114],"problems":[116],"important":[118],"bases;":[120],"eliminating":[121],"these":[122],"resulted":[124],"significant":[126],"speedups.":[127]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2790216947","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2024-12-10T19:06:47.027342","created_date":"2018-03-29"}