{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023950391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2421636.2421640","title":"Topology-driven vectorization of clean line drawings","display_name":"Topology-driven vectorization of clean line drawings","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023950391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2421636.2421640","mag":"2023950391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2421636.2421640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072563757","display_name":"Gioacchino Noris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137357","display_name":"Walt Disney (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1x1p54","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gioacchino Noris","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich and Disney Research Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich and Disney Research Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077631653","display_name":"Andreas Hornung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hornung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111681966","display_name":"Robert W. Sumner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Sumner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113542218","display_name":"Maryann Simmons","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryann Simmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walt Disney Animation Studios"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walt Disney Animation Studios","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033076979","display_name":"Markus Gro\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9324-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137357","display_name":"Walt Disney (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1x1p54","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich and Disney Research Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich and Disney Research Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.555,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99994,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9975,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.88921714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-geometry","display_name":"Digital geometry","score":0.5294594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.88921714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7782011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.7052088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.63117945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192368570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1789829","display_name":"Digital geometry","level":5,"score":0.5294594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5116782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.44489473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.43173534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4045426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36569226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34411815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26281005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.21951586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13502938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.122000426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.08971822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2421636.2421640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.54}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974954013","https://openalex.org/W1976197162","https://openalex.org/W1983924674","https://openalex.org/W1985664898","https://openalex.org/W1992467676","https://openalex.org/W1995035210","https://openalex.org/W2003938193","https://openalex.org/W2015951211","https://openalex.org/W2038825728","https://openalex.org/W2087032005","https://openalex.org/W2090159818","https://openalex.org/W2115931016","https://openalex.org/W2116325296","https://openalex.org/W2137722745","https://openalex.org/W2140312314","https://openalex.org/W2141117374","https://openalex.org/W2143931888","https://openalex.org/W2158008371","https://openalex.org/W2161413685","https://openalex.org/W2340006107","https://openalex.org/W3136398160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210244968","https://openalex.org/W2954918491","https://openalex.org/W2381562417","https://openalex.org/W2371122778","https://openalex.org/W2355044006","https://openalex.org/W2350968851","https://openalex.org/W2145135145","https://openalex.org/W2141028190","https://openalex.org/W2012799661","https://openalex.org/W1972520314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vectorization":[0],"provides":[1],"a":[2,39,56,92,108],"link":[3],"between":[4],"raster":[5],"scans":[6],"of":[7,26,51,107,166],"pencil-and-paper":[8],"drawings":[9,23,63],"and":[10,110,150],"modern":[11],"digital":[12],"processing":[13],"algorithms":[14],"that":[15,64,97],"require":[16],"accurate":[17],"vector":[18],"representations.":[19],"Even":[20],"when":[21],"input":[22],"are":[24],"comprised":[25],"clean,":[27],"crisp":[28],"lines,":[29],"inherent":[30],"ambiguities":[31],"near":[32],"junctions":[33,50],"make":[34],"vectorization":[35,42,57,153],"deceptively":[36],"difficult.":[37],"As":[38],"consequence,":[40],"current":[41],"approaches":[43],"often":[44],"fail":[45],"to":[46,71,104,138,158],"faithfully":[47],"capture":[48],"the":[49,66,105,113,121,127,141,152,164],"drawn":[52],"strokes.":[53],"We":[54,144],"propose":[55],"algorithm":[58],"specialized":[59],"for":[60],"clean":[61],"line":[62],"analyzes":[65],"drawing's":[67],"topology":[68,81],"in":[69],"order":[70],"overcome":[72],"junction":[73,109,142],"ambiguities.":[74],"A":[75],"gradient-based":[76],"pixel":[77],"clustering":[78],"technique":[79],"facilitates":[80],"computation.":[82],"This":[83],"topological":[84],"information":[85],"is":[86],"exploited":[87],"during":[88],"centerline":[89],"extraction":[90],"by":[91],"new":[93],"\u201creverse":[94],"drawing\u201d":[95],"procedure":[96],"reconstructs":[98],"all":[99],"possible":[100],"drawing":[101,131],"states":[102],"prior":[103],"creation":[106],"then":[111],"selects":[112],"most":[114],"likely":[115],"stroke":[116],"configuration.":[117],"For":[118],"cases":[119],"where":[120],"automatic":[122],"result":[123],"does":[124],"not":[125],"match":[126],"artist's":[128],"interpretation,":[129],"our":[130],"analysis":[132],"enables":[133],"an":[134],"efficient":[135],"user":[136],"interface":[137],"easily":[139],"adjust":[140],"location.":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"results":[146,165],"on":[147],"professional":[148],"examples":[149],"evaluate":[151],"quality":[154],"with":[155],"quantitative":[156],"comparison":[157],"hand-traced":[159],"centerlines":[160],"as":[161,163],"well":[162],"leading":[167],"commercial":[168],"algorithms.":[169]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023950391","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-01-09T16:18:32.575489","created_date":"2016-06-24"}