乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053325382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/186281.186290","title":"Justifying the information technology budget within changing environments","display_name":"Justifying the information technology budget within changing environments","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053325382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/186281.186290","mag":"2053325382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/186281.186290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006356583","display_name":"Chiara Francalanci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Francalanci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnica di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnica di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068223895","display_name":"Piercarlo Maggiolini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Maggiolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnica di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnica di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.700487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":61,"max":65},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante","display_name":"Ex-ante","score":0.6363944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.50181246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6910117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.6363944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.58376515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.50181246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4869891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4815781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.47611624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43712413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3800826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.36966947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.30503547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1977906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19756043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/186281.186290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486506504","https://openalex.org/W1511343964","https://openalex.org/W1513538214","https://openalex.org/W1542657996","https://openalex.org/W192152396","https://openalex.org/W1963802960","https://openalex.org/W1973308529","https://openalex.org/W1991713501","https://openalex.org/W2035934714","https://openalex.org/W2043893783","https://openalex.org/W2054650714","https://openalex.org/W2079414640","https://openalex.org/W2082238712","https://openalex.org/W2094834288","https://openalex.org/W2115498674","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2164250849","https://openalex.org/W2237953935","https://openalex.org/W3109664536","https://openalex.org/W3123794055","https://openalex.org/W3141734830","https://openalex.org/W52169070","https://openalex.org/W577710884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308101915","https://openalex.org/W3194047734","https://openalex.org/W3013494979","https://openalex.org/W2515552481","https://openalex.org/W2251005117","https://openalex.org/W2168627904","https://openalex.org/W2102726926","https://openalex.org/W2015444353","https://openalex.org/W1570348318","https://openalex.org/W156769215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13],"paper":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,44,53,60,73,81,95,101,114,121,127,130,149,156,161],"relationship":[4],"between":[5,129],"business":[6,157],"performance":[7],"and":[8,32,50,55,69,110,137,146,173],"investments":[9,68,88],"in":[10,35,48,107,134,148],"information":[11,135],"technologies.":[12],"present":[14],"economic":[15,98,109],"crisis":[16],"is":[17,57,123],"shouting":[18],"unprecedented":[19],"defiances":[20],"not":[21,90],"only":[22],"at":[23,27],"firms,":[24],"but":[25],"also":[26],"CIO":[28,61],"(Chief":[29],"Information":[30],"Officers)":[31],"IS":[33],"professionals":[34],"general:":[36],"big":[37],"companies":[38],"are":[39,105,144,165,171,179],"determined":[40],"on":[41,155],"cutting":[42],"down":[43],"IT":[45,87,102,118],"expense,":[46],"both":[47],"absolute":[49],"related":[51],"to":[52,62,71,94],"revenue":[54],"it":[56],"difficult":[58],"for":[59,66],"ask":[63],"top":[64],"executives":[65],"further":[67],"even":[70],"justify":[72],"current":[74],"levels":[75],"of":[76,85,100,113,117,140,152],"expense.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"context,":[80],"ex":[82,96],"ante":[83,97],"justification":[84,99],"single":[86],"does":[89],"represent":[91],"a":[92],"solution":[93],"budget:":[103],"firms":[104],"interested":[106],"measuring":[108],"organizational":[111],"results":[112],"overall":[115],"effects":[116],"investments.":[119],"Therefore,":[120],"research":[122],"conducted":[124,154],"by":[125,160],"investigating":[126],"correlation":[128],"aggregate":[131],"annual":[132],"expense":[133],"technology":[136],"two":[138],"indexes":[139],"firm":[141],"performance,":[142],"that":[143],"defined":[145],"justified":[147],"paper.":[150],"Results":[151],"experimentation":[153],"data":[158],"collected":[159],"MIP-Nolan":[162],"Norton":[163],"Observatory":[164],"presented.":[166],"Trends":[167],"confirming":[168],"theoretical":[169],"hypotheses":[170],"illustrated":[172],"possible":[174],"causes":[175],"motivating":[176],"opposite":[177],"trends":[178],"discussed.":[180]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053325382","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-03-21T08:00:13.220687","created_date":"2016-06-24"}