{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976547602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007387","title":"CLASSIFIER COMBINATION BY BAYESIAN NETWORKS FOR HANDWRITING RECOGNITION","display_name":"CLASSIFIER COMBINATION BY BAYESIAN NETWORKS FOR HANDWRITING RECOGNITION","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976547602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007387","mag":"1976547602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057804135","display_name":"Claudio De Stefano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CLAUDIO DE STEFANO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062735460","display_name":"C. D'Elia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CIRO D'ELIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072304117","display_name":"Alessandra Scotto di Freca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-3555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALESSANDRA SCOTTO DI FRECA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettromagnetismo, Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Matematica Industriale, Universita' di Cassino,Via G. Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048265453","display_name":"Angelo Marcelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANGELO MARCELLI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita' di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo, 1, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita' di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo, 1, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.204,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.883218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":86,"max":87},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"05","first_page":"887","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.535232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority Rule","score":0.5274059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.50433505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-classifier","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","score":0.43085697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4228025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.41860107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7873507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7441642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.71096724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.69939435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.59044045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.58113503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.57058835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5478891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.535232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5332038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.5274059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.50433505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52620605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268357","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","level":3,"score":0.43085697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4228025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.41860107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.73,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1964647586","https://openalex.org/W1973368017","https://openalex.org/W1974441948","https://openalex.org/W2008906462","https://openalex.org/W2071781501","https://openalex.org/W2100128988","https://openalex.org/W2126297944","https://openalex.org/W2137560901","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2164568552","https://openalex.org/W2170112109","https://openalex.org/W4213332169","https://openalex.org/W4302423442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018949385","https://openalex.org/W2913388591","https://openalex.org/W2896010623","https://openalex.org/W2735663461","https://openalex.org/W2363337389","https://openalex.org/W2197698372","https://openalex.org/W2083259201","https://openalex.org/W2055912054","https://openalex.org/W1976547602","https://openalex.org/W1967062067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,62,79],"the":[1,13,24,28,36,45,49,54,57,73,85,107,110,124,134,169,187,192,200,203,208],"field":[2],"of":[3,15,38,51,56,75,109,146,151,160,191],"handwriting":[4],"recognition,":[5],"classifier":[6,58,86],"combination":[7,87],"received":[8],"much":[9],"more":[10],"interest":[11],"than":[12],"study":[14],"powerful":[16],"individual":[17],"classifiers.":[18],"This":[19],"is":[20,99,118],"mainly":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,30,83,101,112,121,132],"enormous":[25],"variability":[26],"among":[27],"patterns":[29],"be":[31,113],"classified,":[32],"that":[33],"typically":[34],"requires":[35],"definition":[37],"complex":[39],"high":[40],"dimensional":[41],"feature":[42,103],"spaces:":[43],"as":[44,60,89],"overall":[46],"complexity":[47],"increases,":[48],"risk":[50],"inconsistency":[52],"in":[53,94],"decision":[55],"increases":[59],"well.":[61],"this":[63],"framework,":[64],"we":[65,81],"propose":[66],"a":[67,76,90,102],"new":[68],"combining":[69,198],"method":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"use":[74],"Bayesian":[77,116],"Network.":[78],"particular,":[80],"suggest":[82],"reformulate":[84],"problem":[88],"pattern":[91,98],"recognition":[92],"one":[93],"which":[95],"each":[96,128],"input":[97],"associated":[100],"vector":[104],"composed":[105],"by":[106,141,183],"output":[108],"classifiers":[111],"combined.":[114],"A":[115],"Network":[117],"then":[119],"used":[120,197],"automatically":[122],"infer":[123],"probability":[125],"distribution":[126],"for":[127],"class":[129],"and":[130,157,165,195,207],"eventually":[131],"perform":[133],"final":[135],"classification.":[136],"Experiments":[137],"have":[138],"been":[139,178],"performed":[140],"using":[142],"two":[143],"different":[144],"pools":[145],"classifiers,":[147,188],"namely":[148],"an":[149,158],"ensemble":[150,159],"Learning":[152,172],"Vector":[153],"Quantization":[154],"neural":[155,163],"networks":[156],"Back":[161],"Propagation":[162],"networks,":[164],"handwritten":[166],"specimen":[167],"from":[168],"UCI":[170],"Machine":[171],"Repository.":[173],"The":[174],"obtained":[175],"performance":[176],"has":[177],"compared":[179],"with":[180],"those":[181],"exhibited":[182],"multi-classifier":[184],"systems":[185],"adopting":[186],"but":[189],"three":[190],"most":[193],"effective":[194],"widely":[196],"rules:":[199],"Majority":[201,205],"Vote,":[202],"Weighted":[204],"Vote":[206],"Borda":[209],"Count.":[210]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976547602","counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-13T00:10:34.870026","created_date":"2016-06-24"}