{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283331368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065722500307","title":"Masked Transformer for Image Anomaly Localization","display_name":"Masked Transformer for Image Anomaly Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283331368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065722500307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35730477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065722500307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.15540","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079038522","display_name":"Axel De Nardin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel De Nardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561398","display_name":"Pankaj Kumar Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pankaj Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078277002","display_name":"Gian Luca Foresti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-6892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Luca Foresti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004078798","display_name":"Claudio Piciarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-1520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Piciarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Udine, via Delle, Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004078798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.27,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99997,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"07","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9911,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7412281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.73037946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.58015436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.55165017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.525053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4903481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44494042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07715765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065722500307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.15540","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.15540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35730477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2210.15540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.15540","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.15540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.45,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320338298","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research Global","award_id":"N62909-20-1-2075"}],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W4283331368"],"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505943987","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2562637781","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2623808523","https://openalex.org/W2736832651","https://openalex.org/W2765389708","https://openalex.org/W2784032999","https://openalex.org/W2787947370","https://openalex.org/W2795691199","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W2803674491","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2918698221","https://openalex.org/W2921440296","https://openalex.org/W2925312408","https://openalex.org/W2948982773","https://openalex.org/W2950119225","https://openalex.org/W2963049059","https://openalex.org/W2966126335","https://openalex.org/W3034314048","https://openalex.org/W3044215473","https://openalex.org/W3092207554","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3100850306","https://openalex.org/W3101017490","https://openalex.org/W3118600296","https://openalex.org/W3129161690","https://openalex.org/W3157328277","https://openalex.org/W3169077988","https://openalex.org/W3209793239","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4212919149","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W4376626035","https://openalex.org/W4378009855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388937474","https://openalex.org/W4386081464","https://openalex.org/W4296474495","https://openalex.org/W3207332793","https://openalex.org/W3197833032","https://openalex.org/W3113278055","https://openalex.org/W2750709484","https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W2105642232","https://openalex.org/W1892149550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"anomaly":[1,174],"detection":[2,175],"consists":[3],"in":[4,20,39,62,114,134,152],"detecting":[5],"images":[6],"or":[7],"image":[8,35,55,59,111],"portions":[9],"that":[10,70,141],"are":[11],"visually":[12],"different":[13],"from":[14,123],"the":[15,18,48,57,71,84,102,109,124,129,135,153,158,162],"majority":[16],"of":[17,26,47,161],"samples":[19],"a":[21,97,149],"dataset.":[22],"The":[23,166],"task":[24],"is":[25,60,112,120],"practical":[27],"importance":[28],"for":[29],"various":[30],"real-life":[31],"applications":[32],"like":[33],"biomedical":[34],"analysis,":[36],"visual":[37],"inspection":[38],"industrial":[40],"production,":[41],"banking,":[42],"traffic":[43],"management,":[44],"etc.":[45],"Most":[46],"current":[49],"deep":[50],"learning":[51],"approaches":[52],"rely":[53],"on":[54,75,101,172],"reconstruction:":[56],"input":[58,110],"projected":[61],"some":[63],"latent":[64],"space":[65],"and":[66,117,144,180,183],"then":[67,139],"reconstructed,":[68],"assuming":[69],"network":[72],"(mostly":[73],"trained":[74],"normal":[76],"data)":[77],"will":[78],"not":[79,91],"be":[80],"able":[81],"to":[82,157,189],"reconstruct":[83],"anomalous":[85,131],"portions.":[86],"However,":[87],"this":[88],"assumption":[89],"does":[90],"always":[92],"hold.":[93],"We":[94,138],"thus":[95,127],"propose":[96],"new":[98],"model":[99,168],"based":[100],"Vision":[103],"Transformer":[104],"architecture":[105],"with":[106],"patch":[107,119,136],"masking:":[108],"split":[113],"several":[115],"patches,":[116],"each":[118],"reconstructed":[121],"only":[122],"surrounding":[125],"data,":[126],"ignoring":[128],"potentially":[130],"information":[132],"contained":[133],"itself.":[137],"show":[140],"multi-resolution":[142],"patches":[143],"their":[145],"collective":[146],"embeddings":[147],"provide":[148],"large":[150],"improvement":[151],"model's":[154],"performance":[155],"compared":[156,188],"exclusive":[159],"use":[160],"traditional":[163],"square":[164],"patches.":[165],"proposed":[167],"has":[169],"been":[170],"tested":[171],"popular":[173],"datasets":[176],"such":[177],"as":[178],"MVTec":[179],"head":[181],"CT":[182],"achieved":[184],"good":[185],"results":[186],"when":[187],"other":[190],"state-of-the-art":[191],"approaches.":[192]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283331368","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-02T05:39:04.203231","created_date":"2022-06-24"}