{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923071719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","title":"Interlocking Safety Cases for Unmanned Autonomous Systems in Shared Airspaces","display_name":"Interlocking Safety Cases for Unmanned Autonomous Systems in Shared Airspaces","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923071719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","mag":"2923071719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005248504","display_name":"Michael Vierhauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Vierhauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007138186","display_name":"Sean Bayley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Bayley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010758567","display_name":"Jane Wyngaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-2391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Wyngaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001217402","display_name":"Wandi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3229-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wandi Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101411842","display_name":"Jinghui Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghui Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Polythechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Polythechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054422283","display_name":"Joshua Huseman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-4702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Huseman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013390075","display_name":"Robyn R. Lutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-7982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robyn Lutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037363688","display_name":"Jane Cleland\u2010Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-5606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Cleland-Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.392,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.852585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"5","first_page":"899","last_page":"918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9783,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlocking","display_name":"Interlocking","score":0.79358387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlock","display_name":"Interlock","score":0.45089957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"Safety Monitoring","score":0.4314871}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778844933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q630950","display_name":"Interlocking","level":2,"score":0.79358387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.71599567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99535591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817095","display_name":"Interlock","level":2,"score":0.45089957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.440281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4314871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34639317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.258296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14735377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.13197982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Interlocking_Safety_Cases_for_Unmanned_Autonomous_Systems_in_Shared_Airspaces/24740409","pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Interlocking_Safety_Cases_for_Unmanned_Autonomous_Systems_in_Shared_Airspaces/24740409/1/files/43575588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Chicago"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2019.2907595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.68,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"CCF-1513717"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"CCF-1741781"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"CCF-1649448"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","award_id":"FWF J3998-N31"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103443734","https://openalex.org/W135733646","https://openalex.org/W1504857701","https://openalex.org/W1506513518","https://openalex.org/W1524781066","https://openalex.org/W1551592336","https://openalex.org/W1570292182","https://openalex.org/W1579747287","https://openalex.org/W1604936042","https://openalex.org/W1623588239","https://openalex.org/W178287542","https://openalex.org/W184049366","https://openalex.org/W1855492256","https://openalex.org/W1898447907","https://openalex.org/W1970665571","https://openalex.org/W1978687961","https://openalex.org/W1995515544","https://openalex.org/W1996707031","https://openalex.org/W1997322589","https://openalex.org/W1997717271","https://openalex.org/W2019624342","https://openalex.org/W2024412873","https://openalex.org/W2028085739","https://openalex.org/W2033891588","https://openalex.org/W2049492608","https://openalex.org/W2051119545","https://openalex.org/W2051342545","https://openalex.org/W205174567","https://openalex.org/W2057718117","https://openalex.org/W2060794637","https://openalex.org/W2066810711","https://openalex.org/W2093830757","https://openalex.org/W2095922308","https://openalex.org/W2096283629","https://openalex.org/W2102351701","https://openalex.org/W2111289772","https://openalex.org/W2115179079","https://openalex.org/W2116580218","https://openalex.org/W2118542389","https://openalex.org/W2118962824","https://openalex.org/W2120239604","https://openalex.org/W2122770826","https://openalex.org/W2129289644","https://openalex.org/W2132683224","https://openalex.org/W2132873542","https://openalex.org/W2135170059","https://openalex.org/W2139738037","https://openalex.org/W2144336625","https://openalex.org/W2144814285","https://openalex.org/W2151284363","https://openalex.org/W2154282625","https://openalex.org/W2155483841","https://openalex.org/W2163359684","https://openalex.org/W2165139660","https://openalex.org/W2170178247","https://openalex.org/W2187118876","https://openalex.org/W2204197063","https://openalex.org/W2229940056","https://openalex.org/W2238768211","https://openalex.org/W2243104636","https://openalex.org/W2269894392","https://openalex.org/W2293035150","https://openalex.org/W2294551613","https://openalex.org/W2345369879","https://openalex.org/W2346737306","https://openalex.org/W2396657225","https://openalex.org/W2406062206","https://openalex.org/W2411395325","https://openalex.org/W2466842930","https://openalex.org/W2474093975","https://openalex.org/W2477378326","https://openalex.org/W2480572770","https://openalex.org/W2502486893","https://openalex.org/W2507423300","https://openalex.org/W2513704996","https://openalex.org/W2514424432","https://openalex.org/W2525856322","https://openalex.org/W2528740446","https://openalex.org/W2533944660","https://openalex.org/W2559864951","https://openalex.org/W2561892034","https://openalex.org/W2564753503","https://openalex.org/W2571149404","https://openalex.org/W2597394388","https://openalex.org/W2605921092","https://openalex.org/W2607626850","https://openalex.org/W2608928650","https://openalex.org/W2626169300","https://openalex.org/W2730972217","https://openalex.org/W2737892390","https://openalex.org/W2743830115","https://openalex.org/W2746757927","https://openalex.org/W2753048280","https://openalex.org/W2770487395","https://openalex.org/W2789520420","https://openalex.org/W2886168462","https://openalex.org/W2896179592","https://openalex.org/W3049349441","https://openalex.org/W3100455563","https://openalex.org/W3123827502","https://openalex.org/W3172059993","https://openalex.org/W4212791533","https://openalex.org/W4234266781","https://openalex.org/W4235699399","https://openalex.org/W4238227291","https://openalex.org/W4251447962","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W47672751","https://openalex.org/W641899672","https://openalex.org/W913091180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094364298","https://openalex.org/W2514536182","https://openalex.org/W2425812521","https://openalex.org/W2381230838","https://openalex.org/W2356182862","https://openalex.org/W2287710223","https://openalex.org/W2134672337","https://openalex.org/W2105584730","https://openalex.org/W2094575733","https://openalex.org/W1996325609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,174],"growing":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,43,117],"unmanned":[4],"aerial":[5,13],"vehicles":[6],"(UAVs)":[7],"for":[8,21,46,69,153,183],"tasks":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"eCommerce,":[12],"surveillance,":[14],"and":[15,50,74,137,165,186],"environmental":[16],"monitoring":[17,136,187],"introduces":[18],"the":[19,41,48,51,99,112],"need":[20],"new":[22],"safety":[23,36,61,72,85,106],"mechanisms":[24],"in":[25,55,146,193],"an":[26,138,168],"increasingly":[27],"cluttered":[28],"airspace.":[29,196],"In":[30],"our":[31,144],"work":[32],"we":[33,126],"thus":[34],"emphasize":[35],"issues":[37],"that":[38,177],"emerge":[39],"at":[40],"intersection":[42],"infrastructures":[44],"responsible":[45],"controlling":[47],"airspace,":[49],"diverse":[52],"UAVs":[53,191],"operating":[54],"their":[56],"space.":[57],"We":[58,142],"build":[59],"on":[60,80,123],"assurance":[62],"cases":[63],"(SAC)":[64],"-":[65,73],"a":[66,76,115,128,194],"state-of-the-art":[67],"solution":[68],"reasoning":[70],"about":[71],"propose":[75],"novel":[77],"approach":[78,145],"based":[79],"interlocking":[81,178],"SACs.":[82],"infrastructure":[84],"case":[86,107],"(ISAC)":[87],"specifies":[88],"assumptions":[89],"upon":[90,190],"UAV":[91,95,125,155],"behavior,":[92],"while":[93],"each":[94,124],"demonstrates":[96],"compliance":[97],"to":[98,111,161],"ISAC":[100,113],"by":[101,134,150,158],"presenting":[102],"its":[103],"own":[104],"(pluggable)":[105],"(pSAC)":[108],"which":[109],"connects":[110],"through":[114],"set":[116],"interlock":[118],"points.":[119],"To":[120],"collect":[121],"information":[122],"enforce":[127],"\"trust":[129],"but":[130],"monitor\"":[131],"policy,":[132],"supported":[133],"runtime":[135],"underlying":[139],"reputation":[140],"model.":[141],"evaluate":[143,162],"three":[147],"ways:":[148],"first":[149],"developing":[151],"ISACs":[152],"two":[154],"infrastructures,":[156],"second":[157],"running":[159],"simulations":[160],"end-to-end":[163],"effectiveness,":[164],"finally":[166],"via":[167],"outdoor":[169],"field-study":[170],"with":[171],"physical":[172],"UAVs.":[173],"results":[175],"show":[176],"SACs":[179],"can":[180],"be":[181],"effective":[182],"identifying,":[184],"specifying,":[185],"safety-related":[188],"constraints":[189],"flying":[192],"controlled":[195]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2923071719","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-08T02:46:13.906459","created_date":"2019-04-01"}