{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088711264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3022522","title":"Multi-peak Retracking of CryoSat-2 SARIn Waveforms Over Arctic Sea Ice","display_name":"Multi-peak Retracking of CryoSat-2 SARIn Waveforms Over Arctic Sea Ice","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088711264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3022522","mag":"3088711264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3022522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9410448/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9410448/09205871.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027223998","display_name":"Alessandro Di Bella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-4902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Di Bella","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023721821","display_name":"R. Kwok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-5896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078733541","display_name":"Thomas Armitage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-7833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. K. Armitage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084470011","display_name":"Henriette Skourup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-8033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henriette Skourup","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069681278","display_name":"R. Forsberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rene Forsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.256,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.479937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":82,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"3776","last_page":"3792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeboard","display_name":"Freeboard","score":0.919569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.46282607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516809","display_name":"Freeboard","level":3,"score":0.919569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780292010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187695","display_name":"Sarin","level":4,"score":0.7970158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.6628977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5189978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.50704145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.5049003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.49506178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.46614897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.46282607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46129215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4488969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.44758785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.43231732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.42580783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.24905428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11755669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2084832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666694","display_name":"Fluidized bed","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778816929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679","display_name":"Acetylcholinesterase","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3022522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9410448/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/ad08e68c-14d1-44df-95bf-ac58df197faf","pdf_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/221196775/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Technical University of Denmark"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/221196775/09205871.pdf","pdf_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/221196775/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Technical University of Denmark"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/245797984/09205871.pdf","pdf_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/245797984/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Technical University of Denmark"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3022522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9410448/09205871.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.87}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493371191","https://openalex.org/W1519949070","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1556985283","https://openalex.org/W1668662306","https://openalex.org/W1732004801","https://openalex.org/W1840194672","https://openalex.org/W1896180035","https://openalex.org/W1898096802","https://openalex.org/W1966970149","https://openalex.org/W1976424300","https://openalex.org/W1981985366","https://openalex.org/W1982682037","https://openalex.org/W1986181182","https://openalex.org/W1989241928","https://openalex.org/W1996735039","https://openalex.org/W2013624894","https://openalex.org/W2014082923","https://openalex.org/W2023510214","https://openalex.org/W2030690603","https://openalex.org/W2038574710","https://openalex.org/W2044900211","https://openalex.org/W2057633041","https://openalex.org/W2069445353","https://openalex.org/W2069844770","https://openalex.org/W2079800710","https://openalex.org/W2084496437","https://openalex.org/W2091287180","https://openalex.org/W2100173693","https://openalex.org/W2111527601","https://openalex.org/W2124940971","https://openalex.org/W2138331294","https://openalex.org/W2149999384","https://openalex.org/W2153709735","https://openalex.org/W2155182772","https://openalex.org/W2159400622","https://openalex.org/W2164188588","https://openalex.org/W2168769901","https://openalex.org/W2170460997","https://openalex.org/W2270192226","https://openalex.org/W2272233154","https://openalex.org/W2348336253","https://openalex.org/W2412541621","https://openalex.org/W2553825161","https://openalex.org/W2758934599","https://openalex.org/W2760981168","https://openalex.org/W2767480666","https://openalex.org/W2770405948","https://openalex.org/W2791571635","https://openalex.org/W2939015655","https://openalex.org/W2953895722","https://openalex.org/W2989956343","https://openalex.org/W3007185637","https://openalex.org/W3015616568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327943419","https://openalex.org/W4320485403","https://openalex.org/W4318693383","https://openalex.org/W2324889275","https://openalex.org/W2152045403","https://openalex.org/W2103011224","https://openalex.org/W2100242509","https://openalex.org/W2088291986","https://openalex.org/W2057250073","https://openalex.org/W175376981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CryoSat-2":[0],"(CS2)":[1],"is":[2,92,107,121],"the":[3,59,83,89,129,134,142,150,160,170,176,194,205,241,250],"first":[4],"mission":[5],"equipped":[6],"with":[7,58,149,240,244],"a":[8,116,201],"pulse-limited":[9],"radar":[10],"altimeter":[11],"capable":[12],"of":[13,52,104,162,172,193,204,214,232],"operating":[14],"in":[15,56,133,175,180,188],"Synthetic":[16],"Aperture":[17],"Radar":[18],"(SAR)":[19],"Interferometric":[20],"(SARIn)":[21],"mode.":[22],"Over":[23],"ice":[24,27,87,112,145,182,209,224,237],"sheets":[25],"and":[26,128,169,179,229,235],"caps,":[28],"CS2":[29,53],"SARIn":[30,54,73,81,126,219],"data":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"used":[34],"to":[35,63,200],"retrieve":[36],"surface":[37,165],"elevations":[38,113],"over":[39,75,221],"an":[40,189],"across-track":[41],"ground":[42],"\"swath.\"":[43],"This":[44,186],"work":[45,216],"demonstrates":[46],"that":[47,123,218],"retracking":[48,251],"multiple":[49,125],"coherent":[50],"peaks":[51,127],"waveforms,":[55,82],"combination":[57],"interferometric":[60],"phase,":[61],"enables":[62],"obtain":[64],"more":[65],"than":[66],"one":[67],"valid":[68,163],"height":[69,166],"estimate":[70],"from":[71,85,95,98,152],"single":[72],"waveforms":[74],"Arctic":[76,222],"sea":[77,86,111,144,164,208,223,233,236],"ice.":[78],"For":[79],"some":[80],"scattering":[84],"at":[88],"satellite":[90],"nadir":[91],"successfully":[93],"separated":[94],"returns":[96],"originating":[97],"off-nadir":[99],"leads.":[100],"An":[101],"average":[102,143,190],"bias":[103,140],"-1.8":[105],"cm":[106],"found":[108],"for":[109],"absolute":[110],"when":[114],"using":[115],"50%":[117],"threshold":[118],"retracker.":[119],"It":[120],"shown":[122],"including":[124],"associated":[130],"phase":[131],"difference":[132],"processing":[135,155],"does":[136],"not":[137],"introduce":[138],"any":[139],"on":[141],"freeboard":[146,173,197,238],"heights":[147],"compared":[148,239],"estimates":[151,174],"regular":[153],"SAR":[154,242],"schemes,":[156],"while":[157],"significantly":[158],"increasing":[159],"number":[161,171],"retrievals":[167],"(+55%)":[168],"coastal":[177],"domain":[178],"multi-year":[181],"regions":[183],"(~3":[184],"times).":[185],"results":[187,213],"~34%":[191],"reduction":[192,203],"gridded":[195,206],"random":[196],"uncertainty,":[198],"corresponding":[199],"~20%":[202],"total":[207],"thickness":[210],"uncertainty.":[211],"The":[212],"this":[215],"show":[217],"acquisitions":[220],"provide":[225],"improved":[226],"spatial":[227],"coverage":[228],"denser":[230],"sampling":[231],"level":[234],"mode,":[243],"accuracy":[245],"being":[246],"largely":[247],"driven":[248],"by":[249],"algorithm.":[252]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3088711264","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-19T03:42:07.649300","created_date":"2020-10-01"}