{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013809224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2020.2983664","title":"Specializing Context-Free Grammars With a (1 + 1)-EA","display_name":"Specializing Context-Free Grammars With a (1 + 1)-EA","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013809224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2020.2983664","mag":"3013809224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2020.2983664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/106241/1/Specializing_Context_Free_Grammars_With_a_1_1_EA.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452080","display_name":"Luca Manzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["IT","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Manzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019727872","display_name":"Alberto Bartoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-416X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["IT","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Bartoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087976149","display_name":"Mauro Castelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-1451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["IT","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Castelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040448768","display_name":"Ivo Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-7768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["IT","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074055647","display_name":"Eric Medvet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-2113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["IT","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Medvet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530","https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC Coimbra, DEEC, University of Coimbra, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.59,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.786783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":80,"max":82},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"960","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9971,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.63847387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.61906946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6140853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.51415235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37734731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421802","display_name":"Extended Affix Grammar","level":4,"score":0.4834443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.4530631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.44658735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.44064862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4327616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38835365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3251685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09843913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2020.2983664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93787993","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1089-778X","issn":["1089-778X","1941-0026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/106241","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/106241/1/Specializing_Context_Free_Grammars_With_a_1_1_EA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/106241","pdf_url":"https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/106241/1/Specializing_Context_Free_Grammars_With_a_1_1_EA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.82,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","award_id":"P5-0410"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028040"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award_id":"DSAIPA/DS/0022/2018"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","award_id":"UID/MULTI/00308/2019"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479911746","https://openalex.org/W1515003572","https://openalex.org/W1522379515","https://openalex.org/W1537843356","https://openalex.org/W1547407175","https://openalex.org/W1551554925","https://openalex.org/W1574175429","https://openalex.org/W1587104749","https://openalex.org/W1591373774","https://openalex.org/W1593481303","https://openalex.org/W1640641028","https://openalex.org/W1666515477","https://openalex.org/W1692958259","https://openalex.org/W1748133846","https://openalex.org/W1795093649","https://openalex.org/W1847072505","https://openalex.org/W1947038665","https://openalex.org/W1972490687","https://openalex.org/W1983770999","https://openalex.org/W2035374486","https://openalex.org/W2043060431","https://openalex.org/W2052284542","https://openalex.org/W2064000821","https://openalex.org/W2099749258","https://openalex.org/W2130312354","https://openalex.org/W2132304387","https://openalex.org/W2134093091","https://openalex.org/W2139879708","https://openalex.org/W2148224873","https://openalex.org/W2153203800","https://openalex.org/W2165220807","https://openalex.org/W2166603077","https://openalex.org/W2167609699","https://openalex.org/W2183174613","https://openalex.org/W2219036994","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W2440364284","https://openalex.org/W2488827124","https://openalex.org/W2511445731","https://openalex.org/W2590916934","https://openalex.org/W2619327910","https://openalex.org/W2737792314","https://openalex.org/W2778614708","https://openalex.org/W2793552896","https://openalex.org/W2885881202","https://openalex.org/W2890854347","https://openalex.org/W2900121847","https://openalex.org/W299519334","https://openalex.org/W4297922645","https://openalex.org/W77512158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3564880","https://openalex.org/W2918124307","https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W2136486688","https://openalex.org/W2087446293","https://openalex.org/W2070208002","https://openalex.org/W2041988689","https://openalex.org/W1847229592","https://openalex.org/W1608157979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context-free":[0],"grammars":[1,29,145],"are":[2,35],"useful":[3],"tools":[4],"for":[5,74,87,149],"modeling":[6],"the":[7,39,43,46,55,69,72,75,82,93,97,106,134,139,154,171,177,190,206],"solution":[8,21,135],"space":[9,136],"of":[10,28,45,57,66,71,84,92,96,146,153,205],"problems":[11],"that":[12,31,37,64,102,110,143,166],"can":[13,122,162,182],"be":[14,123,163],"solved":[15],"by":[16,138],"optimization":[17],"algorithms.For":[18],"a":[19,59,62,85,88,111,117,127,130,150,201],"given":[20,76],"space,":[22,32],"there":[23,34],"exists":[24],"an":[25],"infinite":[26],"number":[27],"defining":[30],"and":[33,53,141,193,200],"clues":[36],"changing":[38,133],"grammar":[40,60,73,86,128],"may":[41],"impact":[42],"effectiveness":[44],"optimization.In":[47],"this":[48,78],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,80,104,188],"investigate":[51],"theoretically":[52],"experimentally":[54],"possibility":[56],"specializing":[58],"in":[61,90,116,129,159,180],"problem,":[63],"is,":[65],"systematically":[67],"improving":[68],"quality":[70,83,148,181],"problem.To":[77],"end,":[79],"define":[81],"problem":[89,131,156],"terms":[91],"average":[94],"fitness":[95],"candidate":[98],"solutions":[99],"generated":[100],"using":[101],"grammar.Theoretically,":[103],"demonstrate":[105],"following":[107],"findings:":[108],"(a)":[109],"simple":[112],"mutation":[113,207],"operator":[114],"employed":[115],"(1":[118,167],"+":[119,168],"1)-EA":[120],"setting":[121],"used":[124],"to":[125,175,196],"specialize":[126],"without":[132],"defined":[137],"grammar;":[140],"(b)":[142],"three":[144],"equal":[147],"grammar-based":[151],"version":[152,204],"ONEMAX":[155],"greatly":[157],"vary":[158,183],"how":[160],"they":[161],"specialized":[164],"with":[165],"1)-EA,":[169],"as":[170],"expected":[172],"time":[173],"required":[174],"obtain":[176],"same":[178],"improvement":[179],"exponentially":[184],"among":[185],"grammars.Then,":[186],"experimentally,":[187],"validate":[189],"theoretical":[191],"findings":[192],"extend":[194],"them":[195],"other":[197],"problems,":[198],"grammars,":[199],"more":[202],"general":[203],"operator.":[208]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013809224","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-05-04T06:23:31.387996","created_date":"2020-04-03"}