{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053254995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temu.2014.6917741","title":"Enhanced hybrid positioning in wireless networks I: AoA-ToA","display_name":"Enhanced hybrid positioning in wireless networks I: AoA-ToA","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053254995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temu.2014.6917741","mag":"2053254995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temu.2014.6917741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/84019/1/EnhancedHybrid_I.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053214329","display_name":"Muhammad Waqas Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-7781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029685135","display_name":"Nesrallh Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7803-3625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494231","display_name":"Andrew H. Kemp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-7653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. H. Kemp","raw_affiliation_strings":["[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.289,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.935124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"86","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.82028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8000157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.7060319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.6172024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.4392587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.42133486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.82028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8000157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7342394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.7060319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67240375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.66120243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6172024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5392787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5248014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.4392587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.439036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.42133486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34006345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2640934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.23056498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21355858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1693655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temu.2014.6917741","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/84019/1/EnhancedHybrid_I.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/84019/1/EnhancedHybrid_I.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196101","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","host_organization_name":"University of Leeds","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Leeds"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/84019/1/EnhancedHybrid_I.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/84019/1/EnhancedHybrid_I.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196101","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","host_organization_name":"University of Leeds","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Leeds"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483484469","https://openalex.org/W1540526515","https://openalex.org/W1964624959","https://openalex.org/W1974755780","https://openalex.org/W2033332370","https://openalex.org/W2052550038","https://openalex.org/W2103502106","https://openalex.org/W2107998669","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2117478752","https://openalex.org/W2120186858","https://openalex.org/W2124629604","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2151483700","https://openalex.org/W2154063698","https://openalex.org/W2157688943","https://openalex.org/W2310169997","https://openalex.org/W4238162570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286266691","https://openalex.org/W4205846413","https://openalex.org/W2968782503","https://openalex.org/W2940777693","https://openalex.org/W2883310444","https://openalex.org/W2578395998","https://openalex.org/W2501850334","https://openalex.org/W2365082073","https://openalex.org/W2154937706","https://openalex.org/W2032433554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"in":[1,88],"wireless":[2],"networks":[3],"presents":[4],"enormous":[5],"challenges":[6],"for":[7,18,72],"scientists":[8],"and":[9,31,44,97],"engineers.":[10],"Some":[11],"of":[12,24,33,36,51,78,91,121],"the":[13,37,48,73,79,85,89,92,114,119,122,132,139],"most":[14],"commonly":[15],"used":[16],"techniques":[17],"localization":[19,54],"are":[20,59],"based":[21],"on":[22],"time":[23],"arrival":[25,34],"(ToA),":[26],"received":[27],"signal":[28],"strength":[29],"(RSS)":[30],"angle":[32],"(AoA)":[35],"signals.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper":[41],"we":[42],"analyze":[43],"propose":[45],"improvements":[46],"to":[47],"location":[49,57],"accuracy":[50],"hybrid":[52],"(AoA-ToA)":[53],"systems.":[55],"The":[56],"coordinates":[58],"obtained":[60],"using":[61],"a":[62,98],"linear":[63,101],"least":[64,102],"squares":[65,103],"(LLS)":[66],"algorithm.":[67,141],"A":[68],"closed":[69],"form":[70],"expression":[71],"mean":[74],"square":[75],"error":[76],"(MSE)":[77],"LLS":[80,123,140],"estimator":[81],"is":[82,95,106,109,126],"derived.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"information":[86],"present":[87],"covariance":[90],"incoming":[93],"signals":[94],"utilized":[96],"novel":[99],"weighted":[100],"(WLLS)":[104],"method":[105],"proposed.":[107],"It":[108,125],"shown":[110,128],"via":[111,129],"simulation":[112,130],"that":[113,131],"theoretical":[115],"MSE":[116],"accurately":[117],"predicts":[118],"performance":[120,137],"estimator.":[124],"also":[127],"WLLS":[133],"algorithm":[134],"exhibits":[135],"better":[136],"than":[138]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053254995","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-03-18T13:14:16.649526","created_date":"2016-06-24"}