{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010099812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2293391","title":"Integrating Conventional and Inverse Representation for Face Recognition","display_name":"Integrating Conventional and Inverse Representation for Face Recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010099812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2293391","mag":"2010099812","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25222718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2293391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048912567","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-2273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-Computing Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-Computing Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740143","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-4197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["[College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043352718","display_name":"Zhihui Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-3080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Zhihui Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-Computing Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-Computing Research Center, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325058","display_name":"David Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5027-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Biometrics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Biometrics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.585,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.962314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"1738","last_page":"1746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.99,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation","score":0.7542889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.64681566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7542889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.66398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.64681566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6175579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.61549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6114429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5798452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5509757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.51466566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.46444184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39500108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2013.2293391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25222718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61233011"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61125106"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61370163"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61332011"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"91120302"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61203376"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award_id":"2012CB316400"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1808256548","https://openalex.org/W1964749215","https://openalex.org/W1969934308","https://openalex.org/W1981902088","https://openalex.org/W1990319151","https://openalex.org/W1990499659","https://openalex.org/W2010376163","https://openalex.org/W2012485140","https://openalex.org/W2014697905","https://openalex.org/W2015071882","https://openalex.org/W2023054423","https://openalex.org/W2024091300","https://openalex.org/W2027963563","https://openalex.org/W2028016407","https://openalex.org/W2049234964","https://openalex.org/W2052800689","https://openalex.org/W2053585103","https://openalex.org/W2055600015","https://openalex.org/W2061318517","https://openalex.org/W2069959554","https://openalex.org/W2073644493","https://openalex.org/W2080296254","https://openalex.org/W2097486709","https://openalex.org/W2098951409","https://openalex.org/W2101055828","https://openalex.org/W2104834807","https://openalex.org/W2105373556","https://openalex.org/W2116512521","https://openalex.org/W2117286860","https://openalex.org/W2117820831","https://openalex.org/W2122211032","https://openalex.org/W2123115309","https://openalex.org/W2128638419","https://openalex.org/W2129785219","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2136468582","https://openalex.org/W2140330675","https://openalex.org/W2141607429","https://openalex.org/W2142584058","https://openalex.org/W2143126250","https://openalex.org/W2152667279","https://openalex.org/W2155027016","https://openalex.org/W2161592627","https://openalex.org/W2166221887","https://openalex.org/W2167025280","https://openalex.org/W2385606430","https://openalex.org/W2536647793","https://openalex.org/W2953139536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W1496222301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Representation-based":[0],"classification":[1,71,84,254,261],"methods":[2],"are":[3],"all":[4],"constructed":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,10,16,24,30,33,37,54,57,81,88,96,105,110,116,133,140,144,148,160,173,178,184,191,200,204,207,229,231,246,271],"basis":[8],"of":[9,23,40,95,104,124,128,139,157,159,183,199,206,228,233,285,293],"conventional":[11,79,93,149,248,277],"representation,":[12,118],"which":[13],"first":[14,91,192],"expresses":[15],"test":[17,34,58,97,111,134,161,217],"sample":[18,35,59,127,135,162],"as":[19],"a":[20,68,101,129,196],"linear":[21,102,252,259],"combination":[22,103],"training":[25,106,126,137,215],"samples":[26,107,138,222],"and":[27,36,60,80,136,150,168,181,216,249,268,274],"then":[28],"exploits":[29,147],"deviation":[31,48],"between":[32,56],"expression":[38],"result":[39],"every":[41],"class":[42,167],"to":[43,108,153,165,171,212,238,258],"perform":[44],"classification.":[45],"However,":[46],"this":[47,64,188],"does":[49],"not":[50],"always":[51],"well":[52],"reflect":[53,224],"difference":[55],"each":[61,125,166],"class.":[62],"With":[63],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"novel":[69],"representation-based":[70,83,251],"method":[72,77,146],"for":[73,85,190],"face":[74,208,280],"recognition.":[75],"This":[76],"integrates":[78],"inverse":[82,117,151,250],"better":[86],"recognizing":[87],"face.":[89,174],"It":[90],"produces":[92],"representation":[94,123,152,278],"sample,":[98],"i.e.,":[99,119,203],"uses":[100],"represent":[109],"sample.":[112],"Then":[113],"it":[114],"obtains":[115],"provides":[120],"an":[121,256],"approximation":[122],"subject":[130],"by":[131],"exploiting":[132],"other":[141,275],"subjects.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"proposed":[145,185,247],"generate":[154,213],"two":[155],"kinds":[156],"scores":[158],"with":[163],"respect":[164],"combines":[169],"them":[170,234],"recognize":[172],"The":[175,242,283],"paper":[176,189],"shows":[177,194],"theoretical":[179],"foundation":[180],"rationale":[182],"method.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"time":[193],"that":[195,245,292],"basic":[197],"nature":[198],"human":[201],"face,":[202,230],"symmetry":[205],"can":[209,263,287],"be":[210,288],"exploited":[211],"new":[214,221],"samples.":[218],"As":[219],"these":[220],"really":[223],"some":[225],"possible":[226],"appearance":[227],"use":[232],"will":[235],"enable":[236],"us":[237],"obtain":[239,264],"higher":[240],"accuracy.":[241],"experiments":[243],"show":[244],"regression":[253,260],"(CIRLRC),":[255],"improvement":[257],"(LRC),":[262],"very":[265],"high":[266],"accuracy":[267,284],"greatly":[269],"outperforms":[270],"naive":[272],"LRC":[273],"state-of-the-art":[276],"based":[279],"recognition":[281],"methods.":[282],"CIRLRC":[286],"10%":[289],"greater":[290],"than":[291],"LRC.":[294]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010099812","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-04-15T20:03:14.126341","created_date":"2016-06-24"}