{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089148641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/re48521.2020.00027","title":"Automated Recommendation of Templates for Legal Requirements","display_name":"Automated Recommendation of Templates for Legal Requirements","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089148641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/re48521.2020.00027","mag":"3089148641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/re48521.2020.00027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/43561/1/SCSBD_RE20.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007658840","display_name":"Amin Sleimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-8805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Sleimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103231935","display_name":"Marcello Ceci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Ceci","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905724","display_name":"Mehrdad Sabetzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-8319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Sabetzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Canada","SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078533117","display_name":"Lionel Briand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["CA","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel C. Briand","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Canada","SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023960175","display_name":"John Dann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109663","display_name":"Ministry of State","ror":"https://ror.org/01r2j1v82","country_code":"LU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109663"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Dann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Legislative Service (SCL), Ministry of State, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Legislative Service (SCL), Ministry of State, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109663"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.845094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":86,"max":87},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9772,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.7082512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.72679275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.7082512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6273104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.6019254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.5904813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45384764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838667","display_name":"Requirements elicitation","level":4,"score":0.57487357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.48393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33014083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32142028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09326255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08549026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/re48521.2020.00027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/43561/1/SCSBD_RE20.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/43561/1/SCSBD_RE20.pdf","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/43561/1/SCSBD_RE20.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/43561/1/SCSBD_RE20.pdf","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.61,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10376690","https://openalex.org/W1557385649","https://openalex.org/W1752934815","https://openalex.org/W187147204","https://openalex.org/W1912089697","https://openalex.org/W1978620866","https://openalex.org/W1996832037","https://openalex.org/W2001004705","https://openalex.org/W2015282105","https://openalex.org/W2029888259","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2043126905","https://openalex.org/W2049089272","https://openalex.org/W2060691344","https://openalex.org/W2061152427","https://openalex.org/W2081503819","https://openalex.org/W2090715064","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2139735278","https://openalex.org/W2144369660","https://openalex.org/W2151170651","https://openalex.org/W2152506470","https://openalex.org/W2178561563","https://openalex.org/W2227951294","https://openalex.org/W2293099500","https://openalex.org/W2397477537","https://openalex.org/W2562851569","https://openalex.org/W2767058911","https://openalex.org/W2897549266","https://openalex.org/W2897580322","https://openalex.org/W3143775862","https://openalex.org/W74356668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285801815","https://openalex.org/W2757033128","https://openalex.org/W2608001814","https://openalex.org/W2472769502","https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W2242308721","https://openalex.org/W2181998829","https://openalex.org/W2137520080","https://openalex.org/W2062417677","https://openalex.org/W1910988615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context:":[0],"In":[1],"legal":[2,12,15,57,84,100,129,164,189],"requirements":[3,5,50,78,106,160],"elicitation,":[4],"analysts":[6],"need":[7],"to":[8,28,116,141,163],"extract":[9],"obligations":[10,19],"from":[11,187],"texts.":[13],"However,":[14],"texts":[16],"often":[17],"express":[18],"only":[20],"indirectly,":[21],"for":[22,52,83,99,145,169],"example,":[23],"by":[24,63,222,226],"attributing":[25],"a":[26,73,138,156,181,194],"right":[27],"the":[29,38,47,53,77,88,103,128,170,211],"counterpart.":[30],"This":[31],"phenomenon":[32],"has":[33,108],"already":[34],"been":[35,110],"described":[36],"in":[37,92,133],"Requirements":[39],"Engineering":[40],"(RE)":[41],"literature":[42,69],"[1].":[43],"Objectives:":[44],"We":[45,124,176,203],"investigate":[46],"use":[48],"of":[49,56,105,154,159,173,198,233,238],"templates":[51,79,107,131,161],"systematic":[54],"elicitation":[55],"requirements.":[58],"Our":[59,113,151],"work":[60],"is":[61,115],"motivated":[62],"two":[64,188],"observations:":[65],"(1)":[66],"The":[67,191],"existing":[68],"does":[70],"not":[71,109],"provide":[72],"harmonized":[74,157],"view":[75],"on":[76,184],"that":[80,205],"are":[81],"useful":[82],"RE;":[85],"(2)":[86],"Despite":[87],"promising":[89],"recent":[90],"advancements":[91],"natural":[93],"language":[94],"processing":[95],"(NLP),":[96],"automated":[97],"support":[98],"RE":[101],"through":[102,180],"suggestion":[104],"achieved":[111],"yet.":[112],"objective":[114],"take":[117],"steps":[118],"toward":[119],"addressing":[120],"these":[121],"limitations.":[122],"Methods:":[123],"review":[125],"and":[126,149,166,196,200,224,235],"reconcile":[127],"requirement":[130],"proposed":[132],"RE.":[134],"Subsequently,":[135],"we":[136],"conduct":[137],"qualitative":[139],"study":[140,183],"define":[142],"NLP":[143],"rules":[144,168,179],"template":[146],"recommendation.":[147],"Results":[148],"Conclusions:":[150],"contributions":[152],"consist":[153],"(a)":[155],"list":[158],"pertinent":[162],"RE,":[165],"(b)":[167],"automatic":[171],"recommendation":[172],"such":[174],"templates.":[175],"evaluate":[177],"our":[178,217],"case":[182],"400":[185],"statements":[186],"domains.":[190],"results":[192],"indicate":[193],"recall":[195,221,232],"precision":[197,225,237],"82,3%":[199],"79,8%,":[201],"respectively.":[202],"show":[204],"introducing":[206],"some":[207],"limited":[208],"interaction":[209],"with":[210],"analyst":[212],"considerably":[213],"improves":[214],"accuracy.":[215],"Specifically,":[216],"human-feedback":[218],"strategy":[219],"increases":[220],"12%":[223],"10,8%,":[227],"thus":[228],"yielding":[229],"an":[230],"overall":[231,236],"94,3%":[234],"90,6%.":[239]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3089148641","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-11T02:54:27.807039","created_date":"2020-10-01"}