{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021564798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2992791","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communication: Channel Estimation and Beamforming Design","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Multi-User MISO Communication: Channel Estimation and Beamforming Design","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021564798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2992791","mag":"3021564798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2992791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09087848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808","https://openalex.org/P4310316002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","IEEE Communications Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09087848.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043864610","display_name":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-3482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019033222","display_name":"Hibatallah Alwazani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-2780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hibatallah Alwazani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006716265","display_name":"Abla Kammoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abla Kammoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044765621","display_name":"Anas Chaaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas Chaaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056145687","display_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123571","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rbzf697","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merouane Debbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, Huawei France Research and Development Center, Boulogne-Billancourt, France","Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, Huawei France Research and Development Center, Boulogne-Billancourt, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":25.435,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":389,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999985,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"661","last_page":"680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.63216305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5506555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6648602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6448439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.63216305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6193836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5927916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5836111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5826035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5809454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5506555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.44372165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3757626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36733833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34112775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.33248758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31015807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24765998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.090880215}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2992791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09087848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808","https://openalex.org/P4310316002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","IEEE Communications Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad9498c91aa0417da13018a9d2e9099b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01301","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.01301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.2992791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8816718/09087848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808","https://openalex.org/P4310316002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","IEEE Communications Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","award_id":"OSR-2018-CRG7-3734"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994232933","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2035750833","https://openalex.org/W2044075512","https://openalex.org/W2065105631","https://openalex.org/W2098473710","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2130134073","https://openalex.org/W2159995098","https://openalex.org/W2402988122","https://openalex.org/W2478157570","https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W2502225875","https://openalex.org/W2767613687","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2794344156","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2937693915","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2964066573","https://openalex.org/W2964076076","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971081711","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W3002384078","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3009957829","https://openalex.org/W3010695123","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3022916026","https://openalex.org/W3031302733","https://openalex.org/W3036185781","https://openalex.org/W3045793887","https://openalex.org/W3111205328","https://openalex.org/W4288365549","https://openalex.org/W4361867455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W2744170735","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W2287071596","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W1976511355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154],"concept":[1],"of":[2,19,23,47,69,77,81,105,115,144,215],"reconfiguring":[3],"wireless":[4],"propagation":[5],"environments":[6],"using":[7],"intelligent":[8],"reflecting":[9,25,71],"surfaces":[10],"(IRS)s":[11],"has":[12],"recently":[13],"emerged,":[14],"where":[15],"an":[16,83],"IRS":[17,140,192],"comprises":[18],"a":[20,135,142,205],"large":[21],"number":[22],"passive":[24,67],"elements":[26],"that":[27,100,170],"can":[28],"smartly":[29],"reflect":[30,188],"the":[31,45,54,59,66,70,78,96,106,112,116,121,125,139,173,179,185,191,197,213,216],"impinging":[32],"electromagnetic":[33],"waves":[34],"for":[35,178],"performance":[36],"enhancement.":[37],"Previous":[38],"works":[39,99],"have":[40],"shown":[41,165],"promising":[42],"gains":[43],"assuming":[44],"availability":[46],"perfect":[48],"channel":[49,108,132,151,224],"state":[50],"information":[51],"(CSI)":[52],"at":[53,120,184,190],"base":[55],"station":[56],"(BS)":[57],"and":[58,163,181,187,219],"IRS,":[60],"which":[61,138],"is":[62,160],"impractical":[63],"due":[64],"to":[65,123,166,195,204,223],"nature":[68],"elements.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"makes":[75],"one":[76],"preliminary":[79],"contributions":[80],"studying":[82],"IRS-assisted":[84,107],"multi-user":[85],"multiple-input":[86],"single-output":[87],"(MISO)":[88],"communication":[89],"system":[90,218],"under":[91,134],"imperfect":[92],"CSI.":[93],"Different":[94],"from":[95],"few":[97],"recent":[98],"develop":[101],"least-squares":[102],"(LS)":[103],"estimates":[104,133],"vectors,":[109],"we":[110],"exploit":[111],"prior":[113],"knowledge":[114],"large-scale":[117],"fading":[118],"statistics":[119],"BS":[122,186],"derive":[124],"Bayesian":[126],"minimum":[127,198],"mean":[128,156],"squared":[129,157],"error":[130,158],"(MMSE)":[131],"protocol":[136],"in":[137],"applies":[141],"set":[143],"optimal":[145],"phase":[146],"shifts":[147],"vectors":[148],"over":[149],"multiple":[150],"estimation":[152,225],"sub-phases.":[153],"resulting":[155],"(MSE)":[159],"both":[161],"analytically":[162],"numerically":[164],"be":[167],"lower":[168],"than":[169],"achieved":[171],"by":[172],"LS":[174],"estimates.":[175],"Joint":[176],"designs":[177],"precoding":[180],"power":[182,207],"allocation":[183],"beamforming":[189],"are":[193],"proposed":[194,217],"maximize":[196],"user":[199],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[200],"ratio":[201],"(SINR)":[202],"subject":[203],"transmit":[206],"constraint.":[208],"Performance":[209],"evaluation":[210],"results":[211],"illustrate":[212],"efficiency":[214],"study":[220],"its":[221],"susceptibility":[222],"errors.":[226]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3021564798","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-04-30T23:40:03.685084","created_date":"2020-05-13"}