{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138037053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3066343","title":"The Vision Behind MLPerf: Understanding AI Inference Performance","display_name":"The Vision Behind MLPerf: Understanding AI Inference Performance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138037053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3066343","mag":"3138037053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3066343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000635267","display_name":"Vijay Janapa Reddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Janapa Reddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059313553","display_name":"Christine Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113492981","display_name":"David Kanter","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kanter","raw_affiliation_strings":["MLCommons, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MLCommons, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053488528","display_name":"Peter Mattson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-238X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Mattson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018607427","display_name":"Guenther Schmuelling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guenther Schmuelling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028220093","display_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.595,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.410551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":84,"max":86},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"10","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.8692628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.76363975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.5172761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.46075967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8692628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8513103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.76363975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.59051955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5743633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.5690609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5336946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5306353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5172761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.46075967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.39443034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38056806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3708729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3280462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22497097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2021.3066343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.64,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2947737663","https://openalex.org/W2979245724","https://openalex.org/W3008591352","https://openalex.org/W3011347095","https://openalex.org/W3011515423","https://openalex.org/W3016842236","https://openalex.org/W3034457371","https://openalex.org/W3038103902","https://openalex.org/W3043571714","https://openalex.org/W3110886723","https://openalex.org/W3112701542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385825481","https://openalex.org/W4379115841","https://openalex.org/W4302612983","https://openalex.org/W2950577464","https://openalex.org/W2593649365","https://openalex.org/W2137118189","https://openalex.org/W2083794993","https://openalex.org/W1511772879","https://openalex.org/W1499276476","https://openalex.org/W1485630101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,40],"has":[2],"sparked":[3],"a":[4,19,110],"renaissance":[5],"in":[6],"computer":[7],"systems":[8,49],"and":[9,25,34,47,55,72,80,96,117,136],"architecture.":[10],"Despite":[11],"the":[12,23,52,56,85,103,122],"breakneck":[13],"pace":[14],"of":[15,102,105,130],"innovation,":[16],"there":[17],"is":[18,88],"crucial":[20],"issue":[21],"concerning":[22],"research":[24],"industry":[26,97],"communities":[27],"at":[28],"large:":[29],"how":[30],"to":[31,120],"enable":[32],"neutral":[33],"useful":[35,73],"performance":[36,66,128],"assessment":[37],"for":[38,64,74,125],"machine":[39],"(ML)":[41],"software":[42,53,79],"frameworks,":[43],"ML":[44,48,59,90,126,132],"hardware":[45,81],"accelerators,":[46],"comprising":[50],"both":[51],"stack":[54],"hardware.":[57],"The":[58],"field":[60,124],"needs":[61],"systematic":[62],"methods":[63],"evaluating":[65],"that":[67],"represents":[68],"real-world":[69],"use":[70],"cases":[71],"making":[75],"comparisons":[76],"across":[77],"different":[78,131],"implementations.":[82],"MLPerf":[83,87,108],"answers":[84],"call.":[86],"an":[89],"benchmark":[91,112],"standard":[92,111],"driven":[93],"by":[94],"academia":[95],"(70+":[98],"organizations).":[99],"Built":[100],"out":[101],"expertise":[104],"multiple":[106],"organizations,":[107],"establishes":[109],"suite":[113],"with":[114],"proper":[115],"metrics":[116],"benchmarking":[118],"methodologies":[119],"level":[121],"playing":[123],"system":[127],"measurement":[129],"inference":[133],"hardware,":[134],"software,":[135],"services.":[137]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138037053","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2024-12-24T06:05:50.575466","created_date":"2021-03-29"}