{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008591352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2020.2974843","title":"MLPerf: An Industry Standard Benchmark Suite for Machine Learning Performance","display_name":"MLPerf: An Industry Standard Benchmark Suite for Machine Learning Performance","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008591352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2020.2974843","mag":"3008591352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2020.2974843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053488528","display_name":"Peter Mattson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-238X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Mattson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000635267","display_name":"Vijay Janapa Reddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Janapa Reddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059313553","display_name":"Christine Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039941658","display_name":"Cody Coleman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cody Coleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033256312","display_name":"Greg Diamos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Diamos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Landing AI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landing AI","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035585648","display_name":"David Kanter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-4833"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Kanter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Real World Technologies"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Real World Technologies","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072693649","display_name":"Paulius Micikevicius","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulius Micikevicius","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090635221","display_name":"David E. Patterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Patterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain and University of California, Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain and University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486","https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018607427","display_name":"Guenther Schmuelling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guenther Schmuelling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Azure AI Infrastructure"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Azure AI Infrastructure","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089829380","display_name":"Hanlin Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanlin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043327132","display_name":"Gu-Yeon Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-9904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu-Yeon Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028220093","display_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole-Jean Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook and Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook and Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.795075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"8","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.9328922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.74294007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.9328922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.84155774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7610503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7539568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.74294007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6088782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5546613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44888842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.26107532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2070229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mm.2020.2974843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59697426","display_name":"IEEE Micro","issn_l":"0272-1732","issn":["0272-1732","1937-4143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.56,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080379929","https://openalex.org/W2250277864","https://openalex.org/W2515080096","https://openalex.org/W2979245724","https://openalex.org/W2985232804","https://openalex.org/W3043571714","https://openalex.org/W3105753409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379115841","https://openalex.org/W3195664246","https://openalex.org/W3170750609","https://openalex.org/W2979471250","https://openalex.org/W2588591308","https://openalex.org/W2186315912","https://openalex.org/W2127898439","https://openalex.org/W2083794993","https://openalex.org/W2042205862","https://openalex.org/W1511772879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"the":[5,26,43],"design":[6],"choices":[7],"behind":[8],"MLPerf,":[9],"a":[10,39,52],"machine":[11],"learning":[12],"performance":[13,35],"benchmark":[14,29,67],"that":[15],"has":[16],"become":[17],"an":[18],"industry":[19],"standard.":[20],"The":[21,58],"first":[22,59],"two":[23],"rounds":[24],"of":[25,61],"MLPerf":[27,62],"Training":[28],"helped":[30],"drive":[31],"improvements":[32],"to":[33],"software-stack":[34],"and":[36,51],"scalability,":[37],"showing":[38,73],"1.3\u00d7":[40],"speedup":[41],"in":[42,55],"top":[44],"16-chip":[45],"results":[46,68],"despite":[47],"higher":[48],"quality":[49],"targets":[50],"5.5\u00d7":[53],"increase":[54],"system":[56],"scale.":[57],"round":[60],"Inference":[63],"received":[64],"over":[65],"500":[66],"from":[69],"14":[70],"different":[71],"organizations,":[72],"growing":[74],"adoption.":[75]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3008591352","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-01-22T22:25:19.776519","created_date":"2020-03-06"}