{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2591404214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2017.2673807","title":"Postprocessing Synthetic Speech With a Complex Cepstrum Vocoder for Spoofing Phase-Based Synthetic Speech Detectors","display_name":"Postprocessing Synthetic Speech With a Complex Cepstrum Vocoder for Spoofing Phase-Based Synthetic Speech Detectors","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2591404214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2017.2673807","mag":"2591404214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2017.2673807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016845689","display_name":"Cenk Demiro\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-3169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44925452","display_name":"\u00d6zye\u011fin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjhfr75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cenk Demiroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, \u00d6zye\u011fin University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, \u00d6zye\u011fin University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079547173","display_name":"Osman B\u00fcy\u00fck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-3234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osman Buyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072054157","display_name":"Ali Khodabakhsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-4140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44925452","display_name":"\u00d6zye\u011fin University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjhfr75","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khodabakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, \u00d6zye\u011fin University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, \u00d6zye\u011fin University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44925452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110289715","display_name":"Ranniery Maia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["BR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranniery Maia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge, U.K.","Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge, U.K.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.702,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":90},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"671","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8767145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.8140062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.45788327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8767145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8420857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.8140062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.63029766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6031498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5638989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.53625363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.45788327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.44828004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31589139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.20169127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.115761936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2017.2673807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.75}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10800834","https://openalex.org/W11511395","https://openalex.org/W1492587309","https://openalex.org/W1493163583","https://openalex.org/W1557133539","https://openalex.org/W1643320849","https://openalex.org/W174866149","https://openalex.org/W1990826500","https://openalex.org/W2005438552","https://openalex.org/W2014485509","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2025920047","https://openalex.org/W2042946036","https://openalex.org/W2049686551","https://openalex.org/W2093450784","https://openalex.org/W2097634052","https://openalex.org/W2098039850","https://openalex.org/W2107638917","https://openalex.org/W2112659417","https://openalex.org/W2117544888","https://openalex.org/W2120605154","https://openalex.org/W2121095010","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2128466129","https://openalex.org/W2130722890","https://openalex.org/W2138878452","https://openalex.org/W2141074280","https://openalex.org/W2143076824","https://openalex.org/W2143597468","https://openalex.org/W2145212718","https://openalex.org/W2147145909","https://openalex.org/W2150619194","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2150962366","https://openalex.org/W2153914468","https://openalex.org/W2165143604","https://openalex.org/W2168254078","https://openalex.org/W2176804518","https://openalex.org/W2270140468","https://openalex.org/W2295518531","https://openalex.org/W2295634712","https://openalex.org/W2296422624","https://openalex.org/W2395116999","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2398758564","https://openalex.org/W2399107382","https://openalex.org/W2401315748","https://openalex.org/W2403139431","https://openalex.org/W2405506115","https://openalex.org/W2406845569","https://openalex.org/W2407170210","https://openalex.org/W2464759814","https://openalex.org/W2483721152","https://openalex.org/W2548055032","https://openalex.org/W3109938142","https://openalex.org/W3142087749","https://openalex.org/W3143522270","https://openalex.org/W6725010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385672897","https://openalex.org/W3173366380","https://openalex.org/W2836844603","https://openalex.org/W2547760228","https://openalex.org/W2387604097","https://openalex.org/W2373675101","https://openalex.org/W2359140082","https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W1980297060","https://openalex.org/W106160982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-the-art":[0],"speaker":[1,123,227],"verification":[2,73,124,228],"systems":[3,74],"are":[4,41,173],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,60,85,117,120,235],"spoofing":[7,20,103,213,225],"attacks.":[8],"To":[9],"address":[10],"the":[11,29,34,65,69,77,89,104,122,129,170,177,181,208,226,236],"issue,":[12],"high-performance":[13],"synthetic":[14,45,133,148,178,201],"speech":[15,36,46,134,139,149,202],"detectors":[16],"(SSDs)":[17],"for":[18,102,146,175],"existing":[19,118],"methods":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"proposed.":[24],"Phase-based":[25],"SSDs":[26,63,216],"that":[27,31,207],"exploit":[28],"fact":[30],"most":[32],"of":[33,67,71,79,169],"parametric":[35,51,87,219],"coders":[37],"use":[38],"minimum-phase":[39],"filters":[40],"particularly":[42],"successful":[43,211],"when":[44,238],"is":[47,135,154,187,210,241],"generated":[48,136],"with":[49,64,137,199],"a":[50,56,110,115,138,142,151,157,161,190],"vocoder.":[52],"Here,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55,108],"new":[57],"attack":[58,220],"strategy":[59],"spoof":[61,121],"phase-based":[62,105,130,215],"objective":[66],"increasing":[68],"security":[70],"voice":[72,143],"by":[75],"enabling":[76],"development":[78],"more":[80],"generalized":[81],"SSDs.":[82,106,131],"As":[83],"opposed":[84],"other":[86],"vocoders,":[88],"complex":[90,111,166,184],"cepstrum":[91,112,167],"approach":[92,209],"uses":[93],"mixed-phase":[94],"filters,":[95],"which":[96],"makes":[97],"it":[98,193],"an":[99],"ideal":[100],"candidate":[101],"We":[107],"using":[109,160],"vocoder":[113],"as":[114,126,128,189],"postprocessor":[116,240],"techniques":[119],"system":[125,229],"well":[127],"Once":[132],"synthesis":[140],"or":[141],"conversion":[144],"technique,":[145],"each":[147],"frame,":[150],"natural":[152,171],"frame":[153,172],"selected":[155],"from":[156],"training":[158],"database":[159],"spectral":[162],"distance":[163],"measure.":[164],"Then,":[165],"parameters":[168],"used":[174,188,196],"resynthesizing":[176],"frame.":[179],"In":[180],"proposed":[182],"method,":[183],"cepstrum-based":[185],"resynthesis":[186],"postprocessor.":[191],"Hence,":[192],"can":[194],"be":[195],"in":[197],"tandem":[198],"any":[200],"generator.":[203],"Experimental":[204],"results":[205],"showed":[206],"at":[212,224],"four":[214],"across":[217],"nine":[218],"algorithms.":[221],"Moreover,":[222],"performance":[223],"did":[230],"not":[231],"substantially":[232],"degrade":[233],"compared":[234],"case":[237],"no":[239],"employed.":[242]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2591404214","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-02-23T21:23:07.465693","created_date":"2017-03-03"}