{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399568721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","title":"Unveiling the Power of Model-Agnostic Multiscale Analysis for Enhancing Artificial Intelligence Models in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images","display_name":"Unveiling the Power of Model-Agnostic Multiscale Analysis for Enhancing Artificial Intelligence Models in Breast Cancer Histopathology Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399568721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38865229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037295300","display_name":"Nikos Tsiknakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7581-467X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Tsiknakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016219588","display_name":"Georgios C. Manikis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3396-0644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Manikis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005682217","display_name":"Evangelos Tzoras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2109-4725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Tzoras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046277340","display_name":"Dimitrios Salgkamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Salgkamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039980194","display_name":"J Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-2944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Martinez Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381632","display_name":"Kang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065405792","display_name":"Dimitrios I. Zaridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-3887"},"institutions":[],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Zaridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Institute, FORTH, Ioannina, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Institute, FORTH, Ioannina, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009958595","display_name":"Emmanouil G. Sifakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-4471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Sifakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082110835","display_name":"Ioannis Zerdes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Zerdes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071571360","display_name":"Jonas Bergh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Bergh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008654654","display_name":"Johan Hartman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Hartman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015572904","display_name":"Bal\u00e1zs \u00c1cs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-4633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balazs Acs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014640458","display_name":"Kostas Marias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas Marias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060114464","display_name":"Theodoros Foukakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Foukakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"9","first_page":"5312","last_page":"5322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital Pathology","score":0.678089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49556887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7414708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.678089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63658524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.60450447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.55174637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.54153883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49556887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001940","descriptor_name":"Breast","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38865229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3413533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495854775","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics","issn_l":"2168-2194","issn":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.45,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","award_id":"2018-05973"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","award_id":"2022-06725"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010871781","https://openalex.org/W2052193554","https://openalex.org/W2093347382","https://openalex.org/W2096079397","https://openalex.org/W2114473143","https://openalex.org/W2343160907","https://openalex.org/W2531897166","https://openalex.org/W2605640878","https://openalex.org/W2760438050","https://openalex.org/W2760946358","https://openalex.org/W2952481429","https://openalex.org/W2962729911","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964157630","https://openalex.org/W2974825848","https://openalex.org/W3009169565","https://openalex.org/W3034447539","https://openalex.org/W3109000640","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3176446229","https://openalex.org/W3176719058","https://openalex.org/W3203189213","https://openalex.org/W3216448540","https://openalex.org/W4285105280","https://openalex.org/W4312468136","https://openalex.org/W4312504619","https://openalex.org/W4312599212","https://openalex.org/W4312765357","https://openalex.org/W4318483748","https://openalex.org/W4319299841","https://openalex.org/W4320036931","https://openalex.org/W4322743974","https://openalex.org/W4367295871","https://openalex.org/W4380136403","https://openalex.org/W4389543108","https://openalex.org/W4392190141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282934193","https://openalex.org/W4256609757","https://openalex.org/W3115735825","https://openalex.org/W3082372604","https://openalex.org/W3023714767","https://openalex.org/W2152595177","https://openalex.org/W2041117173","https://openalex.org/W2022127494","https://openalex.org/W1977757029","https://openalex.org/W1810141276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"AI":[1],"models":[2,94,167,186],"for":[3,66,150],"digital":[4,23],"pathology":[5],"has":[6],"traditionally":[7],"relied":[8],"on":[9,78,95,103,180,188],"single-scale":[10],"analysis":[11,35,68,205,211],"of":[12,25,69,75,82,118,135,164,203,217,234],"histopathology":[13,70],"slides.":[14],"However,":[15],"a":[16,21,37,59,79,129,139],"whole":[17],"slide":[18],"image":[19,136],"is":[20],"rich":[22],"representation":[24],"the":[26,67,73,116,119,132,160,162,181,201,214,227,232,235],"tissue,":[27],"captured":[28],"at":[29,226],"various":[30],"magnification":[31,145],"levels.":[32],"Limiting":[33],"our":[34,96,198],"to":[36,49],"single":[38],"scale":[39],"overlooks":[40],"critical":[41],"information,":[42],"spanning":[43],"from":[44,138],"intricate":[45],"high-resolution":[46],"cellular":[47],"details":[48],"broad":[50],"low-resolution":[51],"tissue":[52],"structures.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"study,":[56],"we":[57,177],"propose":[58],"model-agnostic":[60],"multiresolution":[61,120,204],"feature":[62,133],"aggregation":[63],"framework":[64],"tailored":[65],"slides":[71],"in":[72,185],"context":[74],"breast":[76],"cancer,":[77],"multicohort":[80],"dataset":[81],"2038":[83],"patient":[84],"samples.":[85],"We":[86],"have":[87],"adapted":[88],"9":[89],"state-of-the-art":[90],"multiple":[91],"instance":[92],"learning":[93],"multi-scale":[97],"methodology":[98],"and":[99,110,122,142,156,173,229],"evaluated":[100],"their":[101],"performance":[102,149,163],"grade":[104],"prediction,":[105],"TP53":[106],"mutation":[107],"status":[108],"prediction":[109,152],"survival":[111],"prediction.":[112],"The":[113],"results":[114],"prove":[115],"dominance":[117],"methodology,":[121],"specifically,":[123],"concatenating":[124],"or":[125],"linearly":[126],"transforming":[127],"via":[128],"learnable":[130],"layer":[131],"vectors":[134],"patches":[137],"high":[140],"(20x)":[141],"low":[143],"(10x)":[144],"factors":[146],"achieve":[147],"improved":[148],"all":[151],"tasks":[153],"across":[154,171],"domain-specific":[155,172],"imagenet-based":[157,174],"features.":[158,175],"On":[159],"contrary,":[161],"uniresolution":[165,207],"baseline":[166],"was":[168],"not":[169],"consistent":[170],"Moreover,":[176],"shed":[178],"light":[179],"inherent":[182],"inconsistencies":[183],"observed":[184],"trained":[187],"whole-tissue-sections":[189],"when":[190],"validated":[191],"against":[192],"biopsy-based":[193],"datasets.":[194],"Despite":[195],"these":[196],"challenges,":[197],"findings":[199],"underscore":[200],"superiority":[202],"over":[206],"methods.":[208],"Finally,":[209],"cross-scale":[210],"also":[212],"benefits":[213],"explainability":[215],"aspects":[216],"attention-based":[218],"architectures,":[219],"since":[220],"one":[221],"can":[222],"extract":[223],"attention":[224],"maps":[225],"tissue-":[228],"cell-levels,":[230],"improving":[231],"interpretation":[233],"model's":[236],"decision.":[237]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399568721","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2024-12-24T02:15:27.011676","created_date":"2024-06-13"}