{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157483031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.58","title":"Inertial Sensor Based Recognition of 3-D Character Gestures with an Ensemble of Classifiers","display_name":"Inertial Sensor Based Recognition of 3-D Character Gestures with an Ensemble of Classifiers","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157483031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.58","mag":"2157483031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.58","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113692688","display_name":"Jong Koo Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Jong K. Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Adv. Inst. of Technol., Suwon, South Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Adv. Inst. of Technol., Suwon, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007882501","display_name":"Sung-Jung Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Sung-Jung Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032021499","display_name":"Won-Chul Bang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Won-Chul Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111511777","display_name":"Wook Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Wook Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027137380","display_name":"Eun-Seok Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Eunseok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075949909","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-299X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032375593","display_name":"Joon-Kee Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1263-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Joonkee Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101057701","display_name":"Dong Yoon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Dong Yoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.427,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.817561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"112","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition","score":0.5286627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.43611026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.41220385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.69371456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.68111414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.6804584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.61965245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.60176814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.57183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5286627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5182395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5158164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5006883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46450207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.45741695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4503136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.43611026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.4253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.41220385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39606202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30051237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19106367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14599234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08819088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.58","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948822474","https://openalex.org/W2034788618","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2116424694","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2160626949","https://openalex.org/W2165664019","https://openalex.org/W2800394774","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3113812747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W2107320953","https://openalex.org/W183832189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,74],"present":[1],"a":[2,29,35,38,92],"3-D":[3],"input":[4],"medium":[5],"based":[6,161],"on":[7,152,162],"inertial":[8],"sensors":[9,47],"for":[10,19],"on-line":[11],"character":[12,30,63],"recognition":[13,21,84,102,124],"and":[14,52,57,144,165],"an":[15],"ensemble":[16,142,154],"classification":[17],"scheme":[18],"the":[20,32,67,83,97,131,141,145,153],"task.":[22],"The":[23,44,100,123],"system":[24],"allows":[25],"user":[26],"to":[27,81,90],"write":[28],"in":[31,42,106],"air":[33],"as":[34,136],"gesture,":[36],"with":[37],"sensor-embedded":[39],"device":[40],"held":[41],"hand.":[43],"kinds":[45],"of":[46,69,78,104,126,148,157],"used":[48,66,135],"are":[49],"3-axis":[50,53],"accelerometer":[51],"gyroscope":[54],"generating":[55],"acceleration":[56],"angular":[58],"velocity":[59],"signals":[60,80,120],"respectively.":[61,168],"For":[62],"recognition,":[64],"we":[65,108,139],"technique":[68],"FDA":[70,159],"(Fisher":[71],"discriminant":[72],"analysis).":[73],"tried":[75],"different":[76],"combinations":[77],"sensor":[79,98,112,119],"test":[82],"performance.":[85],"It":[86],"is":[87],"also":[88],"possible":[89],"estimate":[91],"2-D":[93],"handwriting":[94,166],"trajectory":[95,133,167],"from":[96],"signals.":[99],"best":[101],"rate":[103,125,147],"93.23%,":[105],"case":[107],"use":[109],"only":[110],"raw":[111],"signals,":[113],"was":[114,128,134,150],"attained":[115,151],"when":[116],"all":[117],"6":[118],"were":[121],"combined.":[122],"92.22%":[127],"reached":[129],"if":[130],"estimated":[132],"input.":[137],"Finally":[138],"tested":[140],"method":[143],"generalization":[146],"95.04%":[149],"recognizer":[155],"consisting":[156],"3":[158],"recognizers":[160],"acceleration-only,":[163],"angular-velocity-only":[164]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2157483031","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-01-18T23:07:20.528126","created_date":"2016-06-24"}