乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114450867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.43","title":"Foreground and background information in an HMM-based method for recognition of isolated characters and numeral strings","display_name":"Foreground and background information in an HMM-based method for recognition of isolated characters and numeral strings","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114450867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.43","mag":"2114450867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.43","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017591391","display_name":"Alceu de Souza Britto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.. de S. Britto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ponliflcia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ponliflcia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340083","display_name":"Robert Sabourin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sabourin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Montreal, QC, Canada","\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure (ETS), Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure (ETS), Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013206485","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Bortolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUG-PR), Curitiba, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUG-PR), Curitiba, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059479627","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-7631"},"institutions":[],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.828,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":91},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"371","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9975,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.92398536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization","score":0.7116844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.42303246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition","score":0.41004348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.92398536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7116844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.68254745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6819905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.65937966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.65625477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.58515096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5244418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.50687915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.45207357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.44823474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4286881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4256584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.42303246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.41004348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20109567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2004.43","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539681359","https://openalex.org/W1692713333","https://openalex.org/W1821164770","https://openalex.org/W1940776450","https://openalex.org/W1970571079","https://openalex.org/W1988925211","https://openalex.org/W1993638205","https://openalex.org/W2002182716","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2061289977","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131718092","https://openalex.org/W2133374501","https://openalex.org/W2156257344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385219051","https://openalex.org/W4385218333","https://openalex.org/W4312612713","https://openalex.org/W2728450881","https://openalex.org/W2481236784","https://openalex.org/W2287572544","https://openalex.org/W2170939707","https://openalex.org/W2144065393","https://openalex.org/W2100798736","https://openalex.org/W2042634493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"combine":[4],"complementary":[5],"features":[6,46,96],"based":[7,28],"on":[8,29,75],"foreground":[9],"and":[10,22,31,82],"background":[11],"information":[12,65],"in":[13],"an":[14],"HMM-based":[15],"classifier":[16],"to":[17,53],"recognize":[18],"handwritten":[19],"isolated":[20],"characters":[21],"numeral":[23,86],"strings.":[24],"A":[25],"zoning":[26],"scheme":[27],"column":[30],"row":[32],"models":[33],"provides":[34,60],"a":[35,61],"way":[36,62],"of":[37,63,69,85,88],"dividing":[38],"the":[39,45,55,70,94],"character":[40,56,80],"into":[41],"zones":[42,68],"without":[43],"making":[44],"size":[47],"variant.":[48],"This":[49],"strategy":[50],"allows":[51],"us":[52],"avoid":[54],"normalization,":[57],"while":[58],"it":[59],"having":[64],"from":[66],"specific":[67],"character.":[71],"The":[72],"experimental":[73],"results":[74],"10":[76],"digit":[77],"classes,":[78],"52":[79],"classes":[81,84],"6":[83],"strings":[87],"different":[89],"lengths":[90],"have":[91],"shown":[92],"that":[93],"proposed":[95],"are":[97],"highly":[98],"discriminant.":[99]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2114450867","counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2024-12-11T10:47:56.739915","created_date":"2016-06-24"}