{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071388423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6957860","title":"STELLaR - A case-study on SysTEmaticaLLy embedding a Traffic Light Recognition","display_name":"STELLaR - A case-study on SysTEmaticaLLy embedding a Traffic Light Recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071388423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6957860","mag":"2071388423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6957860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076614771","display_name":"Jan Micha Borrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2781-0307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Micha Borrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017511455","display_name":"Frederik Haxel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Haxel","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044248872","display_name":"Dennis Nienh\u00fcser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Nienhuser","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095305","display_name":"Alexander Viehl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Viehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028048","display_name":"J. Marius Z\u00f6llner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-7202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Marius Zollner","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 10-14, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074802358","display_name":"Oliver Bringmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-507X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Bringmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087076980","display_name":"Wolfgang Rosenstiel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Rosenstiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.337,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.627563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":85,"max":86},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1258","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9879,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7804542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7719132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6536673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.62194484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5476869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.50214744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4846983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42013857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4031636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3509504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1979447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6957860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.74,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788361110","https://openalex.org/W1968974896","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2056889172","https://openalex.org/W2060602100","https://openalex.org/W2076067108","https://openalex.org/W2105529173","https://openalex.org/W2136891917","https://openalex.org/W2147350365","https://openalex.org/W2940687756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2373535795","https://openalex.org/W2366961778","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W1572721274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,59],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,28,44,64,133,135],"present":[4],"an":[5,52,89,141],"embedded":[6,142],"implementation":[7,48],"of":[8,92,103],"a":[9,15,24],"Traffic":[10],"Light":[11],"Recognition":[12],"(TLR)":[13],"on":[14,112],"low-cost":[16],"FPGA":[17,54],"device":[18],"with":[19,85,99,116],"low":[20,128],"memory":[21],"usage.We":[22],"follow":[23],"systematic":[25],"approach":[26],"where":[27],"thoroughly":[29],"investigate":[30],"computational":[31],"hot-spots,":[32],"and":[33,40,95],"systematically":[34],"partition":[35],"the":[36,137],"system":[37,107],"into":[38],"hardware":[39],"software":[41],"components":[42],"which":[43],"both":[45],"optimize.":[46],"Our":[47],"is":[49],"evaluated":[50],"using":[51],"actual":[53],"board":[55],"as":[56,77,127,132],"Hardware-in-the-Loop":[57],"(HIL).":[58],"contrast":[60],"to":[61,68],"other":[62,74],"approaches,":[63],"are":[65,136],"not":[66],"restricted":[67],"filled":[69],"lights":[70],"but":[71],"also":[72],"detect":[73],"types":[75],"such":[76,126],"arrows,":[78],"pedestrians":[79],"or":[80],"bicycle":[81],"ones":[82,139],"when":[83],"provided":[84],"training":[86],"data.":[87],"With":[88],"average":[90],"performance":[91],"45":[93],"fps":[94,98],"minimum":[96],"12":[97],"~":[100],"5":[101],"Watts":[102],"power":[104],"consumption,":[105],"our":[106],"shows":[108],"real-time":[109],"behavior":[110],"even":[111],"high-definition":[113],"video":[114],"data":[115],"high":[117],"comparable":[118],"recognition":[119],"rates":[120],"while":[121],"still":[122],"obeying":[123],"automotive":[124],"constraints":[125],"power.":[129],"As":[130],"far":[131],"know,":[134],"first":[138],"presenting":[140],"TLR":[143],"solution.":[144]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071388423","counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-04-20T22:53:43.431636","created_date":"2016-06-24"}