{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312956732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883068","title":"Measurement and Analysis of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of Building Wall","display_name":"Measurement and Analysis of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of Building Wall","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312956732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053420981","display_name":"Da-Peng Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da-Peng Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437292","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079751885","display_name":"Feng-Li Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng-Li Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China,100094"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China,100094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101743303","display_name":"Feng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071461704","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE),Shanghai,China,200433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":60},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2011","last_page":"2014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9819,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-equations","display_name":"Fresnel equations","score":0.73181295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection","score":0.67809594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflection","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","score":0.5311319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-coefficient","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","score":0.46278316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.9162934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.8293966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.8069749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153837357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838055","display_name":"Fresnel equations","level":3,"score":0.73181295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.67809594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6523035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5941231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.58551157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5439681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154504","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","level":2,"score":0.5311319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5023773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46426296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.46278316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4161943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4128963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3855127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27736345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.26917422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23815286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17967558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.16853544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.84,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award_id":"20ZR1406300"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61901122"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1615030238","https://openalex.org/W1758642798","https://openalex.org/W1942557461","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2110288957","https://openalex.org/W2115966087","https://openalex.org/W2138614074","https://openalex.org/W3098282853","https://openalex.org/W3211710405","https://openalex.org/W4205128393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755051635","https://openalex.org/W2389779348","https://openalex.org/W2168881412","https://openalex.org/W2120076443","https://openalex.org/W2096580986","https://openalex.org/W2084056957","https://openalex.org/W2072530400","https://openalex.org/W2025159853","https://openalex.org/W2016549387","https://openalex.org/W2006002459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,16,21,26,34,46,49,55,59,63,78,93,96,100,109,113,119,123,142,147,154,158],"development":[2],"of":[3,10,23,48,62,72,95,118,157],"$5\\mathrm{G}$":[6],",":[7],"location":[9],"base":[11],"stations":[12],"is":[13,37,52,58,75,89],"related":[14],"to":[15,91,107],"electromagnetic":[17],"wave":[18],"scattering":[19,64,94,114],"with":[20,122],"surface":[22],"objects,":[24],"especially":[25],"building":[27,35,50,73,97],"walls":[28,74,104],"in":[29,131,134],"cities.":[30],"In":[31,99,152],"this":[32],"study,":[33],"wall":[36,51,161],"simply":[38],"modeled":[39],"as":[40,77],"a":[41,83,138],"two-dimensional":[42],"plane":[43],"surface.":[44],"Since":[45],"roughness":[47,110,160],"relatively":[53],"small,":[54],"specular":[56],"reflection":[57,80,125,143,155],"main":[60],"component":[61],"wave.":[65],"The":[66],"bidirectional":[67],"reflectance":[68],"distribution":[69],"function":[70],"(BRDF)":[71],"approximated":[76],"Fresnel":[79,124],"coefficients.":[81],"Then,":[82],"field":[84],"measurement":[85,120],"system,":[86],"called":[87],"FUSAR-Rail-S,":[88],"established":[90],"measure":[92],"wall.":[98],"measurement,":[101],"two":[102],"different":[103],"are":[105,130,162],"used":[106],"analyze":[108],"effect":[111],"on":[112],"coefficient.":[115],"A":[116],"comparison":[117],"result":[121],"coefficients":[126,144,156],"shows":[127],"that":[128],"they":[129],"good":[132],"agreement":[133],"most":[135],"angles.":[136],"Within":[137],"certain":[139],"angle":[140,149],"range,":[141],"increase":[145],"when":[146],"incident":[148],"becomes":[150],"larger.":[151,163],"addition,":[153],"smaller":[159]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4312956732","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2024-12-06T01:48:37.989722","created_date":"2023-01-05"}