{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296912207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icws55610.2022.00068","title":"How Composable is the Web? An Empirical Study on OpenAPI Data model Compatibility","display_name":"How Composable is the Web? An Empirical Study on OpenAPI Data model Compatibility","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296912207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icws55610.2022.00068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icws55610.2022.00068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/7124805/files/How_Composable_is_the_Web_An_Empirical_Study_on_OpenAPI_Data_model_Compatibility.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020388180","display_name":"Souhaila Serbout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8144-2606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souhaila Serbout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Institute (USI), Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Institute (USI), Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081925932","display_name":"Cesare Pautasso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesare Pautasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Institute (USI), Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Institute (USI), Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077943544","display_name":"Uwe Zdun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Zdun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.042,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99998,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":83,"max":85},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"415","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-compatibility","display_name":"Backward compatibility","score":0.62258255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mashup","display_name":"Mashup","score":0.413841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.82157946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20574231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844605","display_name":"Backward compatibility","level":2,"score":0.62258255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6112306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.47690797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4699792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.42922494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196126337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821080","display_name":"Mashup","level":4,"score":0.413841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4044087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34025908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.17551309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15400037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icws55610.2022.00068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7124805","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/7124805/files/How_Composable_is_the_Web_An_Empirical_Study_on_OpenAPI_Data_model_Compatibility.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7124805","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/7124805/files/How_Composable_is_the_Web_An_Empirical_Study_on_OpenAPI_Data_model_Compatibility.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489021242","https://openalex.org/W2011336438","https://openalex.org/W2091514161","https://openalex.org/W2097385209","https://openalex.org/W2135177518","https://openalex.org/W2166261528","https://openalex.org/W2621346437","https://openalex.org/W2793891698","https://openalex.org/W2982298417","https://openalex.org/W3096200758","https://openalex.org/W3114841154","https://openalex.org/W3179148751","https://openalex.org/W3198239737","https://openalex.org/W3205663373","https://openalex.org/W321261526","https://openalex.org/W4210826297","https://openalex.org/W4221109664","https://openalex.org/W4256191840","https://openalex.org/W4281572569","https://openalex.org/W4285418016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177631315","https://openalex.org/W3152910131","https://openalex.org/W3150083517","https://openalex.org/W2388297596","https://openalex.org/W2312598952","https://openalex.org/W2226237160","https://openalex.org/W2103734435","https://openalex.org/W2066550866","https://openalex.org/W1551703449","https://openalex.org/W128084838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Composing":[0],"Web":[1,18,61,84,133],"APIs":[2,30,62,85,134,150,227,268],"is":[3,289],"a":[4,78,164,204,221],"widely":[5],"adopted":[6],"practice":[7],"by":[8,48,86],"developers":[9,37],"to":[10,40,63,72,120,129,193,250],"speed":[11],"up":[12],"the":[13,74,121,136,145,160,176,194,201,235,248,252,280,286],"development":[14],"process":[15],"of":[16,34,77,81,95,139,147,156,183,206,225,237,264,282],"complex":[17],"applications,":[19],"mashups,":[20],"and":[21,54,179,209,274],"data":[22,96,107,231,240,255,275],"processing":[23],"pipelines.":[24],"However,":[25,242],"since":[26],"most":[27],"publicly":[28,215],"available":[29,216],"are":[31,60,132],"built":[32],"independently":[33],"each":[35,143],"other,":[36],"often":[38],"need":[39],"invest":[41],"their":[42,88,230,238],"efforts":[43],"in":[44],"solving":[45],"incompatibility":[46],"issues":[47],"writing":[49],"ad-hoc":[50],"glue":[51],"code,":[52],"adapters":[53],"message":[55,211],"translation":[56],"mappings.":[57],"How":[58],"likely":[59],"be":[64,112,188],"directly":[65,189],"composable?The":[66],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69],"empirical":[70],"study":[71,125],"determine":[73,171],"potential":[75],"composability":[76],"large":[79],"collection":[80],"20,587":[82],"public":[83],"verifying":[87],"schemas'":[89],"compatibility.":[90],"We":[91,199],"define":[92],"three":[93,177],"levels":[94,178],"model":[97],"elements":[98],"compatibility":[99,165,174],"\u2013":[100,109],"considering":[101],"matches":[102],"between":[103],"property":[104,272],"names":[105,273],"and/or":[106],"types":[108,276],"which":[110,130,168,186],"can":[111,169,187],"determined":[113],"statically":[114,170],"based":[115],"on":[116,175,203,234],"API":[117,172,184,288],"descriptions":[118],"conforming":[119],"OpenAPI":[122,217],"specification.":[123],"The":[124,261],"research":[126],"questions":[127],"address:":[128],"extent":[131],"compatible;":[135],"average":[137,262],"number":[138,224,244,281],"compatible":[140,157,226,267,283],"endpoints":[141,284],"within":[142,285],"API;":[144],"likelihood":[146,263],"finding":[148,265],"two":[149,266],"with":[151,269],"at":[152],"least":[153],"one":[154],"pair":[155],"endpoints.To":[158],"perform":[159],"analysis":[161],"we":[162],"developed":[163],"checker":[166],"tool":[167,202],"schema":[173],"find":[180],"matching":[181,229,271],"pairs":[182],"responses":[185],"forwarded":[190],"as":[191],"requests":[192],"same":[195,287],"or":[196],"other":[197],"APIs.":[198],"run":[200],"dataset":[205],"751,390":[207],"request":[208],"response":[210],"schemas":[212],"extracted":[213],"from":[214],"descriptions.The":[218],"results":[219],"indicate":[220],"relatively":[222],"high":[223],"when":[228],"models":[232],"only":[233,251],"level":[236],"elements'":[239],"type.":[241],"this":[243],"gets":[245],"lower":[246],"narrowing":[247],"scope":[249],"ones":[253],"handling":[254],"objects":[256],"having":[257],"identical":[258],"properties":[259],"name.":[260],"both":[270],"reaches":[277],"21%.":[278],"Also,":[279],"very":[290],"low.":[291]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296912207","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-11T19:51:00.522150","created_date":"2022-09-24"}