{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202069916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00307","title":"ADNet: Leveraging Error-Bias Towards Normal Direction in Face Alignment","display_name":"ADNet: Leveraging Error-Bias Towards Normal Direction in Face Alignment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202069916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00307","mag":"3202069916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607764","display_name":"2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.05721","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005388913","display_name":"Yangyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861496","display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-0869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424953","display_name":"Chong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102916130","display_name":"Jongyoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2435-9195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongyoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090973869","display_name":"Fangyun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-4916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.738958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.85064256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness","score":0.6931528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5595853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.85064256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6931528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.6332617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.60341114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5595853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.50162864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44622323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.43198007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36103624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24634099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1991466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607764","display_name":"2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.05721","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.05721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.05721","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.05721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1795776638","https://openalex.org/W1832881114","https://openalex.org/W1896424170","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1960706641","https://openalex.org/W1976948919","https://openalex.org/W1990937109","https://openalex.org/W1998294030","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2058961190","https://openalex.org/W2073039128","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2101812986","https://openalex.org/W2102512156","https://openalex.org/W2111019700","https://openalex.org/W2111372597","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2129210471","https://openalex.org/W2130093472","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2166694921","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214733281","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2474575620","https://openalex.org/W2519753233","https://openalex.org/W2554268477","https://openalex.org/W2557290168","https://openalex.org/W2736671157","https://openalex.org/W2740020909","https://openalex.org/W2770121394","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2798898313","https://openalex.org/W2887748972","https://openalex.org/W2897558462","https://openalex.org/W2910603373","https://openalex.org/W2913314773","https://openalex.org/W2962887041","https://openalex.org/W2962890819","https://openalex.org/W2962925415","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963623257","https://openalex.org/W2963716477","https://openalex.org/W2963789946","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W2964339532","https://openalex.org/W2964833232","https://openalex.org/W2982772166","https://openalex.org/W3034384783","https://openalex.org/W3035197297","https://openalex.org/W3102288316","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W3107573421","https://openalex.org/W4252521223","https://openalex.org/W4285784163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243161226","https://openalex.org/W2950647290","https://openalex.org/W2620829895","https://openalex.org/W2392886708","https://openalex.org/W2378111931","https://openalex.org/W2356918560","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2005087563","https://openalex.org/W1968481813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"recent":[1],"progress":[2],"of":[3,25,42,87,144],"CNN":[4,88],"has":[5,155],"dramatically":[6],"improved":[7],"face":[8,37],"alignment":[9],"performance.":[10],"However,":[11],"few":[12],"works":[13],"have":[14],"paid":[15],"attention":[16,101,132,138],"to":[17,22,46,52,65,79,179],"the":[18,33,40,49,66,81,126,142,169,212],"error-bias":[19,34,56,82],"with":[20],"respect":[21],"error":[23],"distribution":[24],"facial":[26,123,182],"landmarks.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,73,91],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,75,93,188],"investigate":[32],"issue":[35],"in":[36,115,159,162,168,175],"alignment,":[38],"where":[39],"distributions":[41],"landmark":[43,53,68,120],"errors":[44],"tend":[45],"spread":[47],"along":[48],"tangent":[50,160],"line":[51],"curves.":[54],"This":[55],"is":[57,62,130],"not":[58],"trivial":[59],"since":[60],"it":[61,154],"closely":[63],"connected":[64,150],"ambiguous":[67],"labeling":[69],"task.":[70],"Inspired":[71],"by":[72,151],"observation,":[74],"seek":[76],"a":[77,156,176],"way":[78],"leverage":[80],"property":[83],"for":[84,104,118],"better":[85],"convergence":[86],"model.":[89],"To":[90],"end,":[92],"propose":[94],"anisotropic":[95,100,137],"direction":[96,117],"loss":[97],"(ADL)":[98],"and":[99,106,146,184,207,214],"module":[102,133],"(AAM)":[103],"coordinate":[105],"heatmap":[107],"regression,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"ADL":[110],"imposes":[111],"strong":[112],"binding":[113],"force":[114],"normal":[116],"each":[119],"point":[121,145],"on":[122,141,204],"boundaries.":[124],"On":[125],"other":[127],"hand,":[128],"AAM":[129],"an":[131,192],"which":[134,164,210],"can":[135],"get":[136],"mask":[139],"focusing":[140],"region":[143],"its":[147],"local":[148],"edge":[149],"adjacent":[152],"points,":[153],"stronger":[157],"response":[158],"than":[161],"normal,":[163],"means":[165],"relaxed":[166],"constraints":[167],"tangent.":[170],"These":[171],"two":[172],"methods":[173],"work":[174],"complementary":[177],"manner":[178],"learn":[180],"both":[181],"structures":[183],"texture":[185],"details.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"integrate":[189],"them":[190],"into":[191],"optimized":[193],"end-to-end":[194],"training":[195],"pipeline":[196],"named":[197],"ADNet.":[198],"Our":[199],"ADNet":[200],"achieves":[201],"state-of-the-art":[202],"results":[203],"300W,":[205],"WFLW":[206],"COFW":[208],"datasets,":[209],"demonstrates":[211],"effectiveness":[213],"robustness.":[215]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3202069916","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-01-03T09:07:52.828642","created_date":"2021-10-11"}