{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146921806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta.2007.72","title":"Image Watermarking Using Krawtchouk Moments","display_name":"Image Watermarking Using Krawtchouk Moments","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146921806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta.2007.72","mag":"2146921806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta.2007.72","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014133001","display_name":"A. Venkataramana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-727X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Venkataramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electron. & Commun., Gov. Polytech. Coll., Andhrapradesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Commun., Gov. Polytech. Coll., Andhrapradesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111720697","display_name":"P. Ananth Raj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8975392","display_name":"Osmania University","ror":"https://ror.org/030sjb889","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8975392"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Ananth Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Member, IEEE; Osmania University, India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Member, IEEE; Osmania University, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8975392"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.443,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.904451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"676","last_page":"680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-moment","display_name":"Image moment","score":0.6530197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocity-moments","display_name":"Velocity Moments","score":0.64682806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kravchuk-polynomials","display_name":"Kravchuk polynomials","score":0.4129608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92423082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132146","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","level":3,"score":0.7026319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111458787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215405","display_name":"Legendre polynomials","level":2,"score":0.65610456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108311513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841934","display_name":"Image moment","level":4,"score":0.6530197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149539972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7919290","display_name":"Velocity Moments","level":4,"score":0.64682806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6108695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.59061664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5568489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.49602994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49399334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.419677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4134605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118797610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4298931","display_name":"Kravchuk polynomials","level":5,"score":0.4129608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4107018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36224163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35842982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34441888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28963828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10628310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619458","display_name":"Orthogonal polynomials","level":2,"score":0.26480114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.22325268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.19173026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78540521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498246","display_name":"Gegenbauer polynomials","level":4,"score":0.13430083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.099113196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08201483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21736991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006917","display_name":"Classical orthogonal polynomials","level":3,"score":0.07586405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta.2007.72","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509691074","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2096142234","https://openalex.org/W2099633994","https://openalex.org/W2102238397","https://openalex.org/W2105778111","https://openalex.org/W2106993989","https://openalex.org/W2113183384","https://openalex.org/W2113310664","https://openalex.org/W2123710765","https://openalex.org/W2124041826","https://openalex.org/W2131559909","https://openalex.org/W2132629435","https://openalex.org/W2133245437","https://openalex.org/W2133907445","https://openalex.org/W2146513066","https://openalex.org/W2146880335","https://openalex.org/W2157001182","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2169111714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321260167","https://openalex.org/W4238987701","https://openalex.org/W2145067269","https://openalex.org/W2122970665","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2040708001","https://openalex.org/W2010004168","https://openalex.org/W1965081020","https://openalex.org/W1671010100","https://openalex.org/W134722258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,62,155],"watermark":[4,37,57,144],"insertion":[5],"and":[6,34,85,99,114,135,179],"detection":[7],"scheme":[8],"using":[9],"Krawtchouk":[10,46,78,86,101,129,136],"moments.":[11],"These":[12],"moments":[13,24,30,47],"are":[14,104,108],"selected":[15],"for":[16],"image":[17,20,84,91,111,134],"watermarking":[18],"because":[19],"reconstruction":[21],"with":[22,171],"these":[23],"is":[25,39,58,67,145,152,159,169],"better":[26],"than":[27,154],"other":[28],"orthogonal":[29],"like":[31,96,176],"Legendre,":[32],"Zernike":[33],"Tchebichef.":[35],"The":[36,143],"signal":[38],"obtained":[40,68],"by":[41,69],"modifying":[42],"some":[43],"of":[44,48,55,81,89,132,139],"the":[45,49,53,56,82,120,125,140,148,162,166],"original":[50,83,90],"image.":[51,142],"Further,":[52],"strength":[54],"adjusted":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"threshold":[63,156],"value":[64,127,151],"(T)":[65],"which":[66],"maximum":[70],"root":[71],"mean":[72],"square":[73],"error":[74],"(rms":[75],"value)":[76],"between":[77,128],"moment":[79,87,102,130,137],"invariants":[80,88,103,131,138],"subjected":[92],"to":[93,110,118,173],"possible":[94],"distortions":[95,175],"rotation,":[97,112],"scale":[98,113],"translation.":[100,115],"used":[105],"since":[106],"they":[107],"invariant":[109],"In":[116],"order":[117],"detect":[119],"added":[121],"watermark,":[122],"we":[123],"calculate":[124],"rms":[126,150],"test":[133],"watermarked":[141],"detected":[146],"if":[147],"above":[149],"less":[153],"(T).":[157],"It":[158],"noted":[160],"from":[161],"simulation":[163],"results":[164],"that":[165],"proposed":[167],"approach":[168],"robust":[170],"respect":[172],"geometric":[174],"scale,":[177],"translation":[178],"rotation":[180]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146921806","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-01-22T23:02:04.539070","created_date":"2016-06-24"}