{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108782583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2004.1401715","title":"Formal specification and verification of a micropayment protocol","display_name":"Formal specification and verification of a micropayment protocol","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108782583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2004.1401715","mag":"2108782583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2004.1401715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~gouda/papers/conference/cash.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109983086","display_name":"Mohamed G. Gouda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.G. Gouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Texas Univ., Austin, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Texas Univ., Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068613270","display_name":"A.X. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Texas Univ., Austin, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Texas Univ., Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.221,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.268227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":61,"max":68},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"489","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.4276271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8353131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.68550265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6733849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.61315715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135783594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5678864","display_name":"Hash chain","level":3,"score":0.57188034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165751822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894118","display_name":"Universal composability","level":4,"score":0.5374857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5261999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.4276271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.42611402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41002432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39873633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36173174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3577533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.23875347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19394854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07995978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2004.1401715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.388.5290","pdf_url":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~gouda/papers/conference/cash.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.388.5290","pdf_url":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~gouda/papers/conference/cash.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.66,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516873380","https://openalex.org/W1601156038","https://openalex.org/W1605348813","https://openalex.org/W1639145229","https://openalex.org/W2047847216","https://openalex.org/W2095425626","https://openalex.org/W2113446256","https://openalex.org/W2336151121","https://openalex.org/W33667428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255046035","https://openalex.org/W4237112499","https://openalex.org/W3130926090","https://openalex.org/W2392118427","https://openalex.org/W2347425392","https://openalex.org/W2109952796","https://openalex.org/W2029851387","https://openalex.org/W1965722552","https://openalex.org/W1554274402","https://openalex.org/W1512010809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,52,67,81],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5],"security":[6],"of":[7,19,33],"micropayment":[8,39,88],"protocols":[9,21,89],"that":[10,22,66],"support":[11],"low-value":[12],"transactions.":[13],"We":[14,28,60],"focus":[15],"on":[16,25],"one":[17],"type":[18],"such":[20],"are":[23],"based":[24,38],"hash":[26,36],"chains.":[27],"present":[29],"a":[30,34],"formal":[31],"specification":[32,75],"typical":[35],"chain":[37],"protocol":[40,43,53,68],"using":[41,54],"abstract":[42],"notation,":[44],"and":[45,58,76],"discuss":[46],"how":[47],"an":[48],"adversary":[49],"can":[50,83],"attack":[51],"message":[55],"loss,":[56],"modification,":[57],"replay.":[59],"use":[61],"convergence":[62],"theory":[63],"to":[64,86],"show":[65],"is":[69],"secure":[70],"against":[71],"these":[72],"attacks.":[73],"The":[74],"verification":[77],"techniques":[78],"used":[79],"in":[80],"paper":[82],"be":[84],"applied":[85],"other":[87],"as":[90],"well":[91]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2108782583","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-04-18T09:02:18.101169","created_date":"2016-06-24"}