{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308098456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip53989.2022.9922840","title":"A Novel Framework for Assessment of Deep Face Recognition Systems in Realistic Conditions","display_name":"A Novel Framework for Assessment of Deep Face Recognition Systems in Realistic Conditions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308098456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip53989.2022.9922840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip53989.2022.9922840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/a0b8ae37-6d93-4b30-b723-64636778414a/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616392","display_name":"Yuhang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090022798","display_name":"Luca Barras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Barras","raw_affiliation_strings":["École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082188773","display_name":"Touradj Ebrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-3687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Touradj Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG),Lausanne,Switzerland,CH-1015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.595,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999942,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":80,"max":83},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness","score":0.8062291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7217047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.81147754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8062291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7314626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7217047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7047578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6716039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6549736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5602552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.537182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4767424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3219545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1402081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/euvip53989.2022.9922840","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298425","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/a0b8ae37-6d93-4b30-b723-64636778414a/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400488","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298425/files/EUVIP_2022.pdf","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298425/files/EUVIP_2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400488","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298425","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/a0b8ae37-6d93-4b30-b723-64636778414a/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400488","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.71,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":null}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1997011019","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2136035751","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2752828042","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2963976704","https://openalex.org/W2964098744","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2998469040","https://openalex.org/W3010400237","https://openalex.org/W3024637412","https://openalex.org/W3034303554","https://openalex.org/W3035732418","https://openalex.org/W3084782383","https://openalex.org/W3100911280","https://openalex.org/W3104668471","https://openalex.org/W3118953353","https://openalex.org/W3160687038","https://openalex.org/W3169129566","https://openalex.org/W3199707364","https://openalex.org/W3203006154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2153315159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"convolutional":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"remarkable":[6],"results":[7],"on":[8,65,72,89],"face":[9,20,99],"recognition":[10,21,100],"(FR).":[11],"Despite":[12],"their":[13],"significant":[14],"progress,":[15],"the":[16,57,66,77,84,96,124],"performance":[17,67],"of":[18,35,59,62,68,95,126],"current":[19],"techniques":[22,101],"is":[23,102],"often":[24],"assessed":[25],"in":[26,119,130],"benchmarks":[27],"under":[28],"not":[29,45],"always":[30],"realistic":[31],"conditions.":[32],"The":[33,93,109],"impact":[34,58],"outdoor":[36],"environment,":[37],"post-processing":[38],"operations,":[39],"and":[40,75,113],"unexpected":[41],"human":[42],"behaviors":[43],"are":[44,81,117],"sufficiently":[46],"studied.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"a":[51],"universal":[52],"methodology":[53],"that":[54],"systematically":[55],"measures":[56],"various":[60],"types":[61],"influencing":[63,79],"factors":[64,80],"FR":[69,91,128],"methods.":[70],"Based":[71],"extensive":[73],"experiments":[74],"analysis,":[76],"key":[78],"identified,":[82,118],"highlighting":[83],"need":[85],"for":[86],"suitable":[87],"precautions":[88],"modern":[90],"systems.":[92],"robustness":[94],"state-of-the-art":[97],"deep":[98],"further":[103],"benchmarked":[104],"with":[105],"our":[106],"assessment":[107],"framework.":[108],"best-performing":[110],"CNN":[111],"architecture":[112],"discriminative":[114],"loss":[115],"function":[116],"order":[120],"to":[121],"better":[122],"guide":[123],"deployment":[125],"an":[127],"system":[129],"real":[131],"world.":[132]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4308098456","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-03T00:58:48.598822","created_date":"2022-11-08"}