{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092289183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212130","title":"A Systematic Assessment of Embedded Neural Networks for Object Detection","display_name":"A Systematic Assessment of Embedded Neural Networks for Object Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092289183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212130","mag":"3092289183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/4094752/files/Systematic_Assessment.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064978609","display_name":"Micaela Verucchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micaela Verucchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000278247","display_name":"Gianluca Brilli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-5774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Brilli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009453879","display_name":"Davide Sapienza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Sapienza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040775795","display_name":"Mattia Verasani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Verasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tetra Pak, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tetra Pak, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086916798","display_name":"Marco Arena","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Arena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tetra Pak, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tetra Pak, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110716011","display_name":"Francesco Gatti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Gatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy","Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023224638","display_name":"Alessandro Capotondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-0761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Capotondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075342479","display_name":"Roberto Cavicchioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Cavicchioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106522626","display_name":"Marko Bertogna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-4853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Bertogna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061892505","display_name":"Marco Solieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Solieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.156,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.836869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.5013485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.43009126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.77899396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.58638173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15792166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221329","display_name":"Avionics","level":2,"score":0.5516391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5453571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5013485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.49402362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48504442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47459623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.45989636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.45705247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.43009126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42093268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4059859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38367355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3725344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35671145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35399306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.13376677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.12944815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11873689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4094752","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/4094752/files/Systematic_Assessment.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1227097","pdf_url":"https://iris.unimore.it/bitstream/11380/1227097/2/A_Systematic_Assessment_of_Embedded_Neural_Networks_for_Object_Detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196318","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4094752","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/4094752/files/Systematic_Assessment.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2524241275","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2745308001","https://openalex.org/W2783888131","https://openalex.org/W2790167166","https://openalex.org/W2794268423","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2798742349","https://openalex.org/W2805454539","https://openalex.org/W2905225613","https://openalex.org/W2916484109","https://openalex.org/W2935837427","https://openalex.org/W2944165510","https://openalex.org/W2947845658","https://openalex.org/W2957927798","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964356608","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972006294","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W3001083904","https://openalex.org/W3007788310","https://openalex.org/W3043571714","https://openalex.org/W3099533866","https://openalex.org/W3100768276","https://openalex.org/W3102169921","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297775537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387489555","https://openalex.org/W4293053895","https://openalex.org/W4288024917","https://openalex.org/W3215372595","https://openalex.org/W3185576471","https://openalex.org/W3176282186","https://openalex.org/W2998183476","https://openalex.org/W2983364019","https://openalex.org/W2973622361","https://openalex.org/W1589297475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"detection":[1,31,67],"is":[2,142,248],"arguably":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,16,35,89,98,107,139,192,224,242],"the":[6,14,92,105,115,146,158,164,174,193,204,225,233,240,246,251],"most":[7,123],"important":[8,70,130],"and":[9,33,45,57,61,75,134,171,189],"complex":[10],"tasks":[11],"to":[12,53,64,145,150,161,172,207,250],"enable":[13],"advent":[15],"next-generation":[17],"autonomous":[18],"systems.":[19],"Recent":[20],"advancements":[21],"in":[22,30,42,91,253],"deep":[23],"learning":[24],"techniques":[25],"allowed":[26],"a":[27,86,96,177,187,221],"significant":[28,147],"improvement":[29],"accuracy":[32],"latency":[34,74,133],"modern":[36],"neural":[37,230],"networks,":[38,68],"allowing":[39],"their":[40],"adoption":[41,241],"automotive,":[43],"avionics":[44],"industrial":[46],"embedded":[47,81,201],"systems,":[48,202],"where":[49],"performances":[50],"are":[51,128,217],"required":[52,149],"meet":[54],"size,":[55,117],"weight":[56],"power":[58,76],"constraints.Multiple":[59],"benchmarks":[60],"surveys":[62],"exist":[63],"compare":[65],"state-of-the-art":[66],"profiling":[69],"metrics,":[71],"like":[72],"precision,":[73],"efficiency":[77],"on":[78,157,212],"Commercial-off-the-Shelf":[79],"(COTS)":[80],"platforms.":[82],"However,":[83],"we":[84],"observed":[85],"fundamental":[87],"lack":[88,138],"fairness":[90],"existing":[93],"comparisons,":[94],"with":[95],"number":[97],"implicit":[99],"assumptions":[100],"that":[101,127],"may":[102],"significantly":[103],"bias":[104],"metrics":[106],"interest.":[108],"This":[109],"includes":[110],"using":[111,176],"heterogeneous":[112],"settings":[113],"for":[114,168,199,219,229],"input":[116],"training":[118],"dataset,":[119],"threshold":[120],"confidences,":[121],"and,":[122],"importantly,":[124],"platform-specific":[125],"optimizations,":[126],"especially":[129],"when":[131],"assessing":[132],"energy-related":[135],"values.":[136],"The":[137],"uniform":[140],"comparisons":[141],"mainly":[143],"due":[144],"effort":[148,205],"re-implement":[151],"network":[152],"models,":[153],"whenever":[154],"openly":[155],"available,":[156],"specific":[159],"platforms,":[160],"properly":[162],"configure":[163],"available":[165,226,235],"acceleration":[166],"engines":[167],"optimizing":[169],"performance,":[170],"re-train":[173],"model":[175],"homogeneous":[178],"dataset.This":[179],"paper":[180],"aims":[181],"at":[182],"filling":[183],"this":[184],"gap,":[185],"providing":[186],"comprehensive":[188],"fair":[190,243],"comparison":[191],"best-in-class":[194],"Convolution":[195],"Neural":[196],"Networks":[197],"(CNNs)":[198],"real-time":[200],"detailing":[203],"made":[206],"achieve":[208],"an":[209,254],"unbiased":[210],"characterization":[211],"cutting-edge":[213],"system-on-chips.":[214],"Multi-dimensional":[215],"trade-offs":[216],"explored":[218],"achieving":[220],"proper":[222],"configuration":[223],"programmable":[227],"accelerators":[228],"inference,":[231],"adopting":[232],"best":[234],"software":[236],"libraries.":[237],"To":[238],"stimulate":[239],"benchmarking":[244],"assessments,":[245],"framework":[247],"released":[249],"public":[252],"open":[255],"source":[256],"repository.":[257]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092289183","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-04-16T09:13:42.715589","created_date":"2020-10-15"}