{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035512383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00971","title":"Towards Causal VQA: Revealing and Reducing Spurious Correlations by Invariant and Covariant Semantic Editing","display_name":"Towards Causal VQA: Revealing and Reducing Spurious Correlations by Invariant and Covariant Semantic Editing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035512383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00971","mag":"3035512383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607701","display_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.07538","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013028398","display_name":"Vedika Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2905213637","display_name":"TomTom (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/04as6y835","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2905213637"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vedika Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus","TomTom Saarland Informatics Campus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TomTom Saarland Informatics Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2905213637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037157627","display_name":"Rakshith Shetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-8177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakshith Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003887059","display_name":"Mario Fritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-9896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Fritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999865,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9687","last_page":"9695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.91303664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness","score":0.71668684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.91303664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.71668684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6850746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.51995504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43995905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.43901536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9136319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362640","display_name":"Covariant transformation","level":2,"score":0.41905558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37995273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33848703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16565505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607701","display_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.07538","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.07538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.07538","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.07538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488163396","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2142192571","https://openalex.org/W2151498684","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2463565445","https://openalex.org/W2529436507","https://openalex.org/W2560730294","https://openalex.org/W2608030593","https://openalex.org/W2786273134","https://openalex.org/W2805553723","https://openalex.org/W2883104598","https://openalex.org/W2950862326","https://openalex.org/W2963082528","https://openalex.org/W2963223524","https://openalex.org/W2963224792","https://openalex.org/W2963383024","https://openalex.org/W2963518342","https://openalex.org/W2963644680","https://openalex.org/W2963668159","https://openalex.org/W2963672682","https://openalex.org/W2963890019","https://openalex.org/W2963954913","https://openalex.org/W2964118342","https://openalex.org/W2964138343","https://openalex.org/W2965628639","https://openalex.org/W2982699810","https://openalex.org/W2987504399","https://openalex.org/W4297749157","https://openalex.org/W4298392976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W941090075","https://openalex.org/W4386113923","https://openalex.org/W4311248832","https://openalex.org/W3134374554","https://openalex.org/W3113091479","https://openalex.org/W2519167559","https://openalex.org/W2237480245","https://openalex.org/W2162899405","https://openalex.org/W2075065631","https://openalex.org/W2044987316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"significant":[1],"success":[2],"in":[3,20,26,93,174],"Visual":[4],"Question":[5],"Answering":[6],"(VQA),":[7],"VQA":[8,122],"models":[9,27,31,64,76,123,141],"have":[10],"been":[11],"shown":[12],"to":[13,17,24,52,74,96,107,162],"be":[14,143],"notoriously":[15],"brittle":[16],"linguistic":[18],"variations":[19,68],"the":[21,56,59,62,98,120,169],"questions.":[22,135],"Due":[23],"deficiencies":[25],"and":[28,54,89,124],"datasets,":[29],"today's":[30],"often":[32],"rely":[33],"on":[34,115,132],"correlations":[35],"rather":[36],"than":[37],"predictions":[38,95,150],"that":[39,140,158],"are":[40],"causal":[41],"w.r.t.":[42],"data.":[43,154],"In":[44,136],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,138,156],"propose":[48,72],"a":[49,129],"novel":[50],"way":[51],"analyze":[53],"measure":[55],"robustness":[57,100],"of":[58,61,119,166,168],"state":[60,118,167],"art":[63,121,170],"w.r.t":[65],"semantic":[66,86],"visual":[67],"as":[69,71,101,103],"well":[70,102],"ways":[73],"make":[75],"more":[77,146],"robust":[78,147],"against":[79,148],"spurious":[80],"correlations.":[81],"Our":[82],"method":[83],"performs":[84],"automated":[85],"image":[87],"manipulations":[88],"tests":[90],"for":[91],"consistency":[92],"model":[94,99],"quantify":[97],"generate":[104],"synthetic":[105],"data":[106],"counter":[108],"these":[109],"problems.":[110],"We":[111],"perform":[112],"our":[113,152],"analysis":[114],"three":[116],"diverse,":[117],"diverse":[125],"question":[126],"types":[127],"with":[128],"particular":[130],"focus":[131],"challenging":[133],"counting":[134],"addition,":[137],"show":[139,157],"can":[142],"made":[144],"significantly":[145],"inconsistent":[149],"using":[151],"edited":[153],"Finally,":[155],"results":[159,173],"also":[160],"translate":[161],"real-world":[163],"error":[164],"cases":[165],"models,":[171],"which":[172],"improved":[175],"overall":[176],"performance.":[177]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035512383","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2025-04-15T17:25:28.565655","created_date":"2020-06-19"}