{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121927068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2011.5716416","title":"Sequencegram: n-gram modeling of system calls for program based anomaly detection","display_name":"Sequencegram: n-gram modeling of system calls for program based anomaly detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121927068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2011.5716416","mag":"2121927068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2011.5716416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028480555","display_name":"Neminath Hubballi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Hubballi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052215348","display_name":"Santosh Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3020-4154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053883070","display_name":"Sukumar Nandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-1057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Nandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.003,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.965339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.7991879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.73658305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram","display_name":"Gram","score":0.72394687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.60803825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.48849618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.46861133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.42541757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7991879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.73658305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161369605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41803","display_name":"Gram","level":3,"score":0.72394687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7117795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6123733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.60803825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.48849618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46861133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.42541757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3983228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30680686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.235495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.13957906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08445844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08232474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.071561754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06589776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2011.5716416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1581700637","https://openalex.org/W1895041775","https://openalex.org/W1941427975","https://openalex.org/W2003231840","https://openalex.org/W2007087405","https://openalex.org/W2070535792","https://openalex.org/W2086469601","https://openalex.org/W2101916222","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2123941465","https://openalex.org/W2125109784","https://openalex.org/W2129860818","https://openalex.org/W2133777675","https://openalex.org/W2158098007","https://openalex.org/W2169685348","https://openalex.org/W2482589566","https://openalex.org/W3136767761","https://openalex.org/W3149910484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W4254593385","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W2625039379","https://openalex.org/W2088254117","https://openalex.org/W11100131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"contribution":[1],"in":[2,49,71,78],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5,19,94,116,121],"two":[6],"fold.":[7],"First":[8],"we":[9],"provide":[10],"preliminary":[11],"investigation":[12],"results":[13],"establishing":[14],"program":[15,41,153],"based":[16],"anomaly":[17,92,137,144,149],"detection":[18],"effective":[20],"if":[21],"short":[22,66,98,110],"system":[23,57,69],"call":[24],"sequences":[25,67,133],"are":[26,134],"modeled":[27],"along":[28],"with":[29,96],"their":[30],"occurrence":[31,103],"frequency.":[32],"Second":[33],"as":[34,86,91],"a":[35,79,122,152],"consequence":[36],"of":[37,47,68,74,109,125,151],"this,":[38],"built":[39],"normal":[40,126],"model":[42,65],"can":[43],"tolerate":[44],"some":[45],"level":[46],"contamination":[48],"the":[50,62,72,82,107,148],"training":[51],"dataset.":[52],"We":[53],"describe":[54],"an":[55],"experimental":[56],"Sequencegram,":[58],"designed":[59],"to":[60,147],"validate":[61],"contributions.":[63],"Sequencegram":[64],"calls":[70],"form":[73],"n-grams":[75],"and":[76,127,139],"store":[77],"tree":[80],"(for":[81],"space":[83],"efficiency)":[84],"called":[85],"n-gram-tree.":[87],"A":[88],"score":[89,93,138,145,150],"known":[90],"associated":[95],"every":[97],"sequence":[99,111],"(based":[100],"on":[101],"its":[102],"frequency)":[104],"which":[105],"represents":[106],"probability":[108],"being":[112],"anomalous.":[113],"As":[114],"it":[115],"generally":[117],"assumed":[118],"that,":[119],"there":[120],"skewed":[123],"distribution":[124],"abnormal":[128],"sequences,":[129],"more":[130],"frequently":[131],"occurring":[132],"given":[135],"lower":[136],"vice":[140],"versa.":[141],"Individual":[142],"n-gram":[143],"contribute":[146],"trace.":[154]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2121927068","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-01-09T10:13:36.636091","created_date":"2016-06-24"}