{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2323479699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2016.7444875","title":"Simple and compact flow fingerprinting robust to transit through low-latency anonymous networks","display_name":"Simple and compact flow fingerprinting robust to transit through low-latency anonymous networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2323479699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2016.7444875","mag":"2323479699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2016.7444875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064549045","display_name":"Xue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-5319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Yang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061397405","display_name":"Eugene Y. Vasserman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Y. Vasserman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.328,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.347148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":77,"max":79},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"765","last_page":"773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8456857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6239257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6034796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.551435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.44536582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.4389106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.43274707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42388463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33211327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2016.7444875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527341546","https://openalex.org/W1547152107","https://openalex.org/W1567366855","https://openalex.org/W1605029620","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1674850359","https://openalex.org/W1866884617","https://openalex.org/W1869319442","https://openalex.org/W187122915","https://openalex.org/W1888844539","https://openalex.org/W1946033","https://openalex.org/W1993568446","https://openalex.org/W2011158884","https://openalex.org/W2012210084","https://openalex.org/W2021949962","https://openalex.org/W2056524697","https://openalex.org/W2092085685","https://openalex.org/W2101583963","https://openalex.org/W2109372411","https://openalex.org/W2120077409","https://openalex.org/W2120660108","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2146148058","https://openalex.org/W2149280729","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2151114655","https://openalex.org/W2163674653","https://openalex.org/W2169991041","https://openalex.org/W2170085959","https://openalex.org/W2258962210","https://openalex.org/W2293941001","https://openalex.org/W2399169235","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W75879620","https://openalex.org/W84267113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388150944","https://openalex.org/W4242235492","https://openalex.org/W4237162029","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W2082747743","https://openalex.org/W1993929477","https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"PIVOT,":[3],"a":[4,14,17,72,87,107],"new":[5],"flow":[6,62,145,227],"fingerprinting":[7,100],"scheme":[8],"for":[9],"identifying":[10],"websites":[11,105],"visited":[12],"by":[13,150,164],"user":[15,113],"of":[16,71,74],"low-latency":[18],"anonymous":[19],"communication":[20],"system.":[21],"The":[22,67,125],"adversary":[23,96],"is":[24,31,69,114,127,138],"difficult":[25],"to":[26,130,140],"detect,":[27],"as":[28,59,61,153,155,173],"data":[29,49],"collection":[30],"fully":[32],"passive":[33,134],"and":[34,77,80,84,102,137,160,178,187,219,231],"can":[35,51,64,81,91,103,212],"be":[36,52,65,82,92,213],"performed":[37,53],"at":[38],"the":[39,45,112,151,183,188,204,225],"server-side,":[40],"client-side,":[41],"or":[42,57,168],"anywhere":[43],"along":[44],"packet":[46,158,161],"path.":[47],"Further,":[48],"analysis":[50],"in":[54,86,157,203],"real":[55,198],"time":[56],"offline,":[58],"long":[60],"information":[63],"stored.":[66],"fingerprint":[68],"composed":[70],"combination":[73],"traffic":[75,120],"volume":[76],"timing":[78],"information,":[79],"represented":[83],"stored":[85],"compact":[88],"format.":[89],"PIVOT":[90,177],"implemented":[93],"using":[94,192],"weaker":[95],"models":[97],"than":[98,201],"previous":[99,205],"schemes":[101],"identify":[104],"within":[106],"multi-website":[108],"browsing":[109,122,193],"session,":[110],"i.e.,":[111],"vulnerable":[115],"even":[116,223],"when":[117],"employing":[118],"cover":[119],"and/or":[121],"multiple":[123],"websites.":[124],"design":[126],"efficient,":[128],"easy":[129],"implement,":[131],"requires":[132],"only":[133],"network":[135,220],"monitoring,":[136],"robust":[139],"most":[141],"active":[142],"defenses":[143],"against":[144,182],"fingerprinting,":[146],"additional":[147],"bandwidth":[148],"utilization":[149],"user,":[152],"well":[154],"alteration":[156],"size":[159],"frequency":[162],"introduced":[163],"one-hop":[165,185],"anonymizing":[166],"proxies":[167],"multi-hop":[169],"anonymity":[170],"systems":[171],"such":[172],"Tor.":[174],"We":[175],"implement":[176],"validate":[179],"its":[180],"accuracy":[181],"Anonymizer.com":[184],"proxy":[186],"Tor":[189],"browser":[190],"bundle,":[191],"patterns":[194],"that":[195,209],"better":[196],"match":[197],"human":[199],"behavior":[200],"those":[202],"literature.":[206],"Results":[207],"indicate":[208],"end-to-end":[210],"unlinkability":[211],"broken":[214],"with":[215,233],"modest":[216],"processing":[217],"power":[218],"capacity":[221],"requirements,":[222],"if":[224],"target":[226],"has":[228],"been":[229],"repacketized":[230],"combined":[232],"other":[234],"flows.":[235]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2323479699","counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-04-24T00:24:56.911872","created_date":"2016-06-24"}