{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400645583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","title":"FFT-Based Frequency Detection and Interference Analysis for NLOS MIMO-OCC","display_name":"FFT-Based Frequency Detection and Interference Analysis for NLOS MIMO-OCC","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400645583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077268716","display_name":"Shivani Rajendra Teli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-6354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivani Rajendra Teli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039279354","display_name":"Vicente Matus Icaza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicente Matus Icaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013608234","display_name":"S. V\u00edtek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav V\u00edtek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011499490","display_name":"Rafael P\u00e9rez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Perez-Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078401803","display_name":"Stanislav Zv\u00e1novec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Zvanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":83},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"99137","last_page":"99148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.79997754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.79997754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67794746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.67540073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6623583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.54792404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38484555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25479516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25069472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.24659786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16187441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09634802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.43}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019201258","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2215672452","https://openalex.org/W2548011927","https://openalex.org/W2588844940","https://openalex.org/W2608032772","https://openalex.org/W2735410617","https://openalex.org/W2786940014","https://openalex.org/W2899622198","https://openalex.org/W2911747674","https://openalex.org/W2928357791","https://openalex.org/W3018349710","https://openalex.org/W3025960117","https://openalex.org/W3082430095","https://openalex.org/W3105780300","https://openalex.org/W3108170453","https://openalex.org/W3154170655","https://openalex.org/W3165589051","https://openalex.org/W3172280710","https://openalex.org/W3176374357","https://openalex.org/W3204696346","https://openalex.org/W4221123600","https://openalex.org/W4224927276","https://openalex.org/W4386420502","https://openalex.org/W4387396943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W2358825988","https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2109871577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64],"this":[1,65],"paper,":[2,66],"we":[3,71],"provide":[4],"a":[5,20,42,187,210,251],"solution":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8],"fast":[9],"Fourier":[10],"Transform":[11],"(FFT)":[12],"for":[13,67,78,125,136,186,209,223,278],"frequency":[14,96],"detection":[15,132,165,303],"and":[16,41,47,51,61,90,103,111,133,142,200,228,250,282],"interference":[17,134,286],"analysis":[18,135,291],"in":[19,88,226,304],"non-line-of-sight":[21],"(NLOS)":[22],"multiple-input":[23],"multiple-output":[24],"(MIMO)":[25],"optical":[26],"camera":[27,43,190],"communications":[28],"(OCC)":[29],"link.":[30],"The":[31,219],"proposed":[32,289],"NLOS":[33,76,155],"MIMO-OCC":[34,77],"uses":[35],"two":[36,79,83,224],"organic":[37],"light-emitting":[38],"diodes":[39],"(OLEDs)":[40],"as":[44,57],"transmitters":[45],"(Txs)":[46],"the":[48,68,73,93,152,175,201,279,288,306],"receiver,":[49],"respectively,":[50],"reflections":[52],"from":[53],"various":[54],"surfaces":[55],"such":[56],"plain":[58,280],"wall,":[59],"paper":[60,283],"wooden":[62],"surfaces.":[63],"first":[69,157],"time,":[70],"analyze":[72,151],"performance":[74,153],"of":[75,109,154,174,189,239,247,254,264,275],"indoor":[80],"scenarios":[81],"utilizing":[82],"OLED":[84],"Txs":[85,170],"that":[86,222],"are":[87,107],"phase":[89,110,227],"modulated":[91],"at":[92,139,231,268],"same":[94],"modulation":[95],"":[99,116,128,145,161,181,195,205,214,234,243,259,271,299],"$f_{s}$":[101,118,130,147,163,216,273,301],"":[102,119,131,148,164,185,199,208,217,238,246,263,274,302],"especially":[104],"when":[105],"they":[106],"out":[108,123],"under":[112],"different":[113,140,229],".":[120,149,218],"We":[121],"carry":[122],"FFT":[124,290],"OLEDs":[137,225],"operating":[138],"phases":[141,230],"To":[150],"MIMO-OCC,":[156],"FFT-based":[158],"is":[166,266],"performed":[167],"to":[168],"identify":[169],"followed":[171],"by":[172],"evaluation":[173],"reception":[176],"success":[177],"rates":[178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{\\mathrm":[183,261],"{rs}}$":[184,262],"range":[188],"exposure":[191],"times":[192],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$t_{\\exp":[197,236],"}$":[198,237],"gain":[202],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$G_{v}$":[207,245],"given":[211],"results":[220],"show":[221],"1500,":[240],"45":[248],"dB":[249],"link":[252],"span":[253],"2":[255],"m,":[256],"94%":[265],"achieved":[267],"600":[276],"Hz":[277],"wall":[281],"reflectors.":[284],"For":[285],"analysis,":[287],"gives":[292],"accurate,":[293],"i.e.,":[294],"100":[295],"%":[296],"all":[305],"above":[307],"cases.":[308]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4400645583","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-01-17T16:37:55.819546","created_date":"2024-07-16"}