{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386025692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3307186","title":"Comparative Characterization of Indoor VLC and MMW Communications via Ray Tracing Simulations","display_name":"Comparative Characterization of Indoor VLC and MMW Communications via Ray Tracing Simulations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386025692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3307186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3307186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10225534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10225534.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036636954","display_name":"Fahimeh Aghaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahimeh Aghaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Özyeǧin University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Özyeǧin University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036512526","display_name":"Hossien B. Eldeeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossien B. Eldeeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024225018","display_name":"Lina Bariah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-1663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Bariah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004034156","display_name":"Sami Muhaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Muhaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018973008","display_name":"Murat Uysal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Uysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":3.115,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999985,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"90345","last_page":"90357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5894189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5838189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.5268439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-delay-profile","display_name":"Power delay profile","score":0.5101824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.82486844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.7516751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.75088865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.67228276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.6494112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5894189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5838189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.5528863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.5268439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5241202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776250087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938869","display_name":"Power delay profile","level":5,"score":0.5101824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4937366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44689873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4395338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.41770613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33763313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3354106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.25652942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.11197278}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3307186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10225534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3307186","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10225534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000718886","https://openalex.org/W2028078039","https://openalex.org/W2029751976","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2169710913","https://openalex.org/W2195032891","https://openalex.org/W2248976353","https://openalex.org/W2291159204","https://openalex.org/W2799368355","https://openalex.org/W2885598136","https://openalex.org/W2900187546","https://openalex.org/W2907278497","https://openalex.org/W2916460963","https://openalex.org/W2926000550","https://openalex.org/W2942810409","https://openalex.org/W2942884280","https://openalex.org/W2959983059","https://openalex.org/W2996886713","https://openalex.org/W3016453700","https://openalex.org/W3017008060","https://openalex.org/W3097636987","https://openalex.org/W3102752134","https://openalex.org/W3106929366","https://openalex.org/W3135752164","https://openalex.org/W3155556592","https://openalex.org/W3187921863","https://openalex.org/W3196531682","https://openalex.org/W3199060540","https://openalex.org/W3216905586","https://openalex.org/W4220757011","https://openalex.org/W4225107273","https://openalex.org/W4281492222","https://openalex.org/W4312266802","https://openalex.org/W4391941434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380538344","https://openalex.org/W3198209499","https://openalex.org/W3094827220","https://openalex.org/W2908025302","https://openalex.org/W2793994891","https://openalex.org/W2537034852","https://openalex.org/W2397924219","https://openalex.org/W2393378091","https://openalex.org/W2155477820","https://openalex.org/W2040375788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"demand":[1],"for":[2,13,72,124,131,153,165,175],"ultra-high-speed":[3],"indoor":[4,63,86,129,158],"wireless":[5,17],"connectivity":[6],"is":[7,207],"ever-increasing,":[8],"which":[9,76],"poses":[10],"unique":[11],"challenges":[12],"the":[14,24,41,53,61,78,81,85,149,166,225,228,235,262],"next":[15],"generation":[16],"communication":[18],"system":[19],"design.":[20],"This":[21,46],"has":[22],"prompted":[23],"exploration":[25],"of":[26,52,56,80,84,171,200,227],"higher":[27,197],"frequency":[28,58,126,177],"bands":[29,37,59,178,195],"including":[30],"millimeter":[31],"wave":[32],"(MMW)":[33],"and":[34,65,88,111,128,147,217,242,255],"visible":[35,112,132],"light":[36,113,133],"in":[38,157,193,247],"addition":[39],"to":[40,94,215,252],"conventional":[42],"sub-6":[43],"GHz":[44,202],"band.":[45,203],"paper":[47],"provides":[48],"a":[49],"comprehensive":[50],"comparison":[51],"propagation":[54,229],"channels":[55,186],"these":[57],"under":[60,139,179],"same":[62],"environment":[64,87],"scenarios.":[66],"We":[67],"adopt":[68],"ray":[69],"tracing":[70],"techniques":[71],"site-specific":[73],"channel":[74,143,150,230],"modeling,":[75],"enables":[77],"consideration":[79],"three-dimensional":[82],"models":[83],"objects":[89],"inside.":[90],"It":[91],"allows":[92],"us":[93],"take":[95],"into":[96],"account":[97],"different":[98,118,137],"frequencies,":[99],"i.e.,":[100,121],"2.4":[101,201],"GHz,":[102,104,106,108,110],"6":[103],"28":[105],"60":[107],"100":[109],"band":[114],"as":[115,117,261],"well":[116],"transmitter":[119],"types,":[120],"omnidirectional/directional":[122],"antennas":[123,245],"radio":[125],"systems":[127,211],"luminaries":[130],"communications":[134],"(VLC).":[135],"For":[136,238],"frequencies":[138],"consideration,":[140],"we":[141,161],"obtain":[142],"impulse":[144],"responses":[145],"(CIRs)":[146],"present":[148],"path":[151,189,249],"losses":[152],"various":[154],"user":[155],"trajectories":[156],"environments.":[159],"Furthermore,":[160],"propose":[162],"closed-form":[163],"expressions":[164],"cumulative":[167],"distribution":[168],"functions":[169],"(CDFs)":[170],"received":[172],"power":[173],"levels":[174],"all":[176],"consideration.":[180],"Our":[181,220],"results":[182,246],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184,192,199,209,224],"VLC":[185,210],"exhibit":[187,212],"lower":[188,248],"loss":[190,250],"than":[191,198],"MMW":[194],"but":[196],"In":[204],"addition,":[205],"it":[206],"observed":[208],"more":[213,259],"sensitivity":[214],"shadowing":[216],"blockage":[218],"effects.":[219],"findings":[221],"further":[222],"indicate":[223],"characteristics":[226],"are":[231],"greatly":[232],"influenced":[233],"by":[234],"antenna":[236],"type.":[237],"instance,":[239],"using":[240],"omnidirectional":[241],"rectangular":[243],"patch":[244],"compared":[251],"horn":[253],"antennas,":[254],"this":[256],"difference":[257],"becomes":[258],"significant":[260],"transmission":[263],"distance":[264],"decreases.":[265]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386025692","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-01-05T09:21:52.601066","created_date":"2023-08-22"}