{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380881417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286939","title":"Automatic Modulation Classification for Adaptive OFDM Systems Using Convolutional Neural Networks With Residual Learning","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Classification for Adaptive OFDM Systems Using Convolutional Neural Networks With Residual Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380881417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286939","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10154062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10154062.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011884740","display_name":"Anand Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-4223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering (EE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Patna, Patna, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (EE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063932696","display_name":"Keerthi Kumar Srinivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-0591"},"institutions":[],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keerthi Kumar Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Altiostar, A Rakuten Symphony Company, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Altiostar, A Rakuten Symphony Company, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069214588","display_name":"Sudhan Majhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhan Majhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.896,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.790601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"61013","last_page":"61024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47976288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4791519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.43295592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.8090841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.7159567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6450136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47976288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4791519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46911862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.43774018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.43295592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34909445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3296979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2755577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.24803811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13673407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286939","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10154062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3286939","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10154062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","award_id":"13 (2)/2020-CC&BT"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","award_id":"STR/2022/000045"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","award_id":"TTR/2021/000128"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1965987318","https://openalex.org/W1977975207","https://openalex.org/W1978712645","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2032783947","https://openalex.org/W2035328597","https://openalex.org/W2039010812","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2171661116","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2580817561","https://openalex.org/W2606327398","https://openalex.org/W2616108305","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2734908518","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2893465991","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2940183989","https://openalex.org/W2968699891","https://openalex.org/W2983690131","https://openalex.org/W3008026851","https://openalex.org/W3008441132","https://openalex.org/W3010976968","https://openalex.org/W3036851434","https://openalex.org/W3045439457","https://openalex.org/W3091225957","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3173681813","https://openalex.org/W3198217630","https://openalex.org/W3202901858","https://openalex.org/W4248350653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4364305175","https://openalex.org/W3139451426","https://openalex.org/W2901566525","https://openalex.org/W2776889143","https://openalex.org/W2561907769","https://openalex.org/W2393808638","https://openalex.org/W2253476804","https://openalex.org/W2128548370","https://openalex.org/W2127132290","https://openalex.org/W2103491754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1,18,40,56,122,174,201],"classification":[2,19,41,57],"(AMC)":[3],"is":[4,44,244],"becoming":[5],"a":[6,108,216],"promising":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,22,66,83,102,208,212,240],"future":[10],"adaptive":[11,84,103],"wireless":[12],"transceiver":[13,85],"systems.":[14],"The":[15,116,219,237],"existing":[16,63,231],"blind":[17],"(BMC)":[20],"methods":[21,65],"orthogonal":[23],"frequency":[24,136],"division":[25],"multiplexing":[26],"(OFDM)":[27],"fail":[28],"to":[29,46,53,154],"achieve":[30],"the":[31,39,48,55,62,72,78,88,121,125,156,166,209,224,230,241,248,254],"required":[32],"performance":[33,220],"by":[34,106],"using":[35,107],"statistical-based":[36],"methods.":[37],"Thus,":[38],"research":[42],"community":[43],"trying":[45],"adopt":[47],"deep":[49],"learning":[50,153],"(DL)":[51],"method":[52],"improve":[54],"accuracy.":[58],"However,":[59],"most":[60],"of":[61,68,74,124,132,158,173,223],"DL":[64],"AMC":[67,101,118,211,226,239],"OFDM":[69,104,127,168,213,242],"that":[70],"involve":[71],"extraction":[73],"statistical":[75,232],"features":[76],"from":[77,253],"signal":[79,89,128],"do":[80],"not":[81],"work":[82],"systems":[86,105],"where":[87],"parameters":[90],"are":[91,205,227],"changed":[92],"dynamically.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"design":[98],"and":[99,145,162,203,221,234],"implement":[100],"convolutional":[109],"neural":[110],"network":[111],"(CNN)":[112],"with":[113,129,229],"residual":[114,152],"learning.":[115],"proposed":[117,210,225,238],"can":[119],"identify":[120],"format":[123],"received":[126,167],"different":[130],"number":[131],"subcarriers,":[133],"randomized":[134],"carrier":[135],"offset":[137,141,185],"(CFO),":[138],"symbol":[139],"timing":[140],"(STO),":[142],"phase":[143],"offset,":[144],"unknown":[146],"channel":[147],"state":[148],"information.":[149],"We":[150],"use":[151],"mitigate":[155],"effect":[157],"varying":[159],"CFO,":[160],"STO,":[161],"AWGN":[163],"noise":[164],"on":[165,247],"signal.":[169],"A":[170],"larger":[171],"pool":[172],"schemes":[175],"such":[176],"as":[177],"binary":[178],"phase-shift":[179],"keying":[180],"(BPSK),":[181],"quadrature":[182],"PSK":[183],"(QPSK),":[184],"QPSK,":[186],"":[189],"$\\pi":[191],"$":[192],"":[193],"/4-QPSK,":[194],"minimum":[195],"shift":[196],"keying,":[197],"8-PSK,":[198],"16-quadrature":[199],"amplitude":[200],"(QAM),":[202],"64-QAM":[204],"being":[206],"considered":[207],"system":[214,243],"in":[215],"dynamic":[217],"environment.":[218],"complexity":[222],"compared":[228],"feature-based":[233],"DL-based":[235],"approaches.":[236],"also":[245],"verified":[246],"real-time":[249],"data":[250],"set":[251],"generated":[252],"universal":[255],"software":[256],"radio":[257],"peripheral":[258],"testbed":[259],"setup.":[260]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4380881417","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-05-01T08:12:17.147484","created_date":"2023-06-17"}