{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297094563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210032","title":"Predicting Insolvency of Insurance Companies in Egyptian Market Using Bagging and Boosting Ensemble Techniques","display_name":"Predicting Insolvency of Insurance Companies in Egyptian Market Using Bagging and Boosting Ensemble Techniques","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297094563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09903643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09903643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071389434","display_name":"Ahmed A. Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["CN","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed A. Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Commerce, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Commerce, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084629689","display_name":"Zaiming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039175317","display_name":"Ahmad Salah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Salah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Applied Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibri, Oman","Zagazig University Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig, Sharkeya, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zagazig University Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig, Sharkeya, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Applied Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibri, Oman","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025707658","display_name":"Ahmed Fathalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Fathalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042270147","display_name":"Ahmed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-4104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156809","display_name":"Future Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0570trv98","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156809"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological Studies, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological Studies, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156809"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.873246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":88},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"117304","last_page":"117314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.9856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature Engineering","score":0.47196257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.46986163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bankruptcy-prediction","display_name":"Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.41843212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4163816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757382","display_name":"Insolvency","level":2,"score":0.92972267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5329498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5099727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778215004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137437","display_name":"Solvency","level":3,"score":0.5099553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4833207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.47196257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.46986163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45416623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664594","display_name":"Bankruptcy prediction","level":3,"score":0.41843212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3976067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.39239776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.36853486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3187678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.20996124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09903643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14cb15f185544076bcc64126bc20eccb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210032","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09903643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482583197","https://openalex.org/W1604188776","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1966950763","https://openalex.org/W1974861131","https://openalex.org/W2009772318","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2025864526","https://openalex.org/W2038918463","https://openalex.org/W2057018326","https://openalex.org/W2080223973","https://openalex.org/W2083957220","https://openalex.org/W2084921244","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102164659","https://openalex.org/W2105465844","https://openalex.org/W2112081648","https://openalex.org/W2132785763","https://openalex.org/W2154440205","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2207186787","https://openalex.org/W2315481540","https://openalex.org/W2321907158","https://openalex.org/W2332278039","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2490548105","https://openalex.org/W2555353293","https://openalex.org/W2560741024","https://openalex.org/W2601379810","https://openalex.org/W2752032793","https://openalex.org/W2808235396","https://openalex.org/W2808770127","https://openalex.org/W2949836779","https://openalex.org/W2963042536","https://openalex.org/W2963979285","https://openalex.org/W2964022491","https://openalex.org/W2972204961","https://openalex.org/W2993491036","https://openalex.org/W2997457453","https://openalex.org/W2998869217","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W3044744503","https://openalex.org/W3125241881","https://openalex.org/W3130991212","https://openalex.org/W3198134962","https://openalex.org/W3217031479","https://openalex.org/W4205242491","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4214720232","https://openalex.org/W4221005032","https://openalex.org/W4297747548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232458346","https://openalex.org/W3151774035","https://openalex.org/W2895480703","https://openalex.org/W2791275254","https://openalex.org/W2756020264","https://openalex.org/W2532938493","https://openalex.org/W2487170621","https://openalex.org/W2116200709","https://openalex.org/W1999602346","https://openalex.org/W1898250579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insolvency":[0],"is":[1,41],"a":[2,184],"crucial":[3],"problem":[4,14],"for":[5,297],"several":[6,47,107,233],"insurance":[7,34,52,78,162,172,312],"companies":[8,79,173],"that":[9,270,292],"suffer":[10],"from":[11,80,169],"it.":[12],"This":[13],"has":[15,68],"direct":[16],"or":[17],"indirect":[18],"effects":[19],"on":[20,251],"both":[21],"the":[22,26,36,89,96,120,126,132,137,155,175,202,206,210,216,219,225,246,271,276,282,286,293,298,302,306],"people":[23],"working":[24],"in":[25,33,42,136],"financial":[27,289],"business":[28],"and":[29,63,192,198,240,260,318],"normal":[30],"citizens.":[31],"Thus,":[32,77,229],"companies,":[35],"ability":[37],"to":[38,50,74,95,109,149,178,223,309,316,322],"predict":[39,51],"insolvency":[40,54,112,138,226,234],"great":[43],"demand.":[44],"There":[45],"are":[46,106,249,305],"efforts":[48,108,118,128],"proposed":[49,154,214,231,247],"company":[53],"using":[55,237],"computer":[56],"science":[57],"methods":[58,135,222],"(e.g.,":[59],"support":[60],"vector":[61],"machine":[62,242,278],"fuzzy":[64],"systems).":[65],"Each":[66],"country":[67],"its":[69],"own":[70],"data":[71,86],"patterns":[72],"due":[73],"interior":[75],"matters.":[76],"different":[81,85,252],"countries":[82],"may":[83],"have":[84,145],"patterns.":[87],"Consequently,":[88],"utilized":[90,287],"predictive":[91,113,235],"model":[92],"should":[93],"adapt":[94],"dataset":[97,159,166,181],"at":[98],"hand.":[99],"To":[100],"our":[101],"best":[102],"knowledge,":[103],"despite":[104],"there":[105],"build":[110],"an":[111],"model,":[114],"none":[115],"of":[116,160,183,186,218,300],"these":[117],"explored":[119],"Egyptian":[121,161,171],"market.":[122],"In":[123,141,209],"addition,":[124],"even":[125],"existing":[127],"did":[129],"not":[130],"utilize":[131],"ensemble":[133,220,238,272],"learning":[134,221,239,243],"prediction":[139,227],"problem.":[140,228],"this":[142,150],"context,":[143],"we":[144,153,213,230],"two":[146],"main":[147],"contributions":[148],"work.":[151],"First,":[152],"first":[156],"public":[157],"access":[158],"companies.":[163],"The":[164,180,266],"collected":[165],"was":[167],"gathered":[168],"11":[170],"during":[174],"years":[176],"1999":[177],"2019.":[179],"consists":[182],"set":[185],"22":[187,288],"ratios":[188,290],"(21":[189],"input":[190],"features":[191],"one":[193],"output":[194],"feature),":[195],"e.g.,":[196,255],"retention":[197],"investment":[199],"yield":[200],"alongside":[201],"solvency":[203,303],"ration":[204],"(i.e.,":[205],"target":[207],"feature).":[208],"second":[211],"contribution,":[212],"exploring":[215],"performance":[217],"address":[224],"building":[232],"models":[236,248,274],"classic":[241,277],"models.":[244,280],"Next,":[245],"evaluated":[250],"accuracy":[253],"metrics,":[254],"Mean":[256,262],"Absolute":[257],"Error":[258,264],"(MAE)":[259],"Root":[261],"Squared":[263],"(RMSE).":[265],"experimental":[267],"results":[268],"revealed":[269,291],"learning-based":[273,279],"outperformed":[275],"Moreover,":[281],"correlation":[283],"analysis":[284],"between":[285],"most":[294],"significant":[295],"ratios,":[296],"task":[299],"predicting":[301],"ratio,":[304],"technical":[307],"provisions":[308],"shareholders'":[310,323],"funds,":[311],"companies'":[313],"debit":[314],"balances":[315],"shareholders,":[317],"earnings":[319],"after":[320],"taxes":[321],"funds.":[324]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297094563","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-04-30T09:16:28.984518","created_date":"2022-09-27"}