{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212838433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","title":"A Novel Approach for User Equipment Indoor/Outdoor Classification in Mobile Networks","display_name":"A Novel Approach for User Equipment Indoor/Outdoor Classification in Mobile Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212838433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038933915","display_name":"Pedro Alves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010345897","display_name":"Thaina Saraiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124682","display_name":"Celfinet (Portugal)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z1x9d19","country_code":"PT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124682"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thaina Saraiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061814910","display_name":"Mar\u00edlia Barandas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilia Barandas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111265522","display_name":"David Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6157-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7C5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7C5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082172390","display_name":"Dinis Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinis Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001231","display_name":"Ricardo Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037650964","display_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-4462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038205194","display_name":"Hugo Gamb\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Gamboa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840","https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081258184","display_name":"Pedro Vieira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Vieira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152517","https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.685,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.707093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":78,"max":80},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"162671","last_page":"162686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.48099172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.53085953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.51889855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.48099172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4730208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4708642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46490228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40899995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21818727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/afaa89ff08134e6e9aa2f50fecac6a91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/14783","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.ipl.pt/bitstream/10400.21/14783/1/A%20novel_PVieira.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400762","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Cient\u00edfico do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","host_organization_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.81}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2092371799","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2148633389","https://openalex.org/W2169030369","https://openalex.org/W2522768086","https://openalex.org/W2553223022","https://openalex.org/W2608146202","https://openalex.org/W2622272405","https://openalex.org/W2767979715","https://openalex.org/W2796809913","https://openalex.org/W2800960155","https://openalex.org/W2895853020","https://openalex.org/W2904515736","https://openalex.org/W2913042802","https://openalex.org/W2914223179","https://openalex.org/W2914555649","https://openalex.org/W2921698889","https://openalex.org/W2943570773","https://openalex.org/W2944948262","https://openalex.org/W2982007490","https://openalex.org/W3099400301","https://openalex.org/W3127355490","https://openalex.org/W3155405202","https://openalex.org/W4205565670","https://openalex.org/W990742350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2376202349","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W1969901537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,148,179],"ability":[1,38],"to":[2,21,39,62,96,118,184],"locate":[3],"users":[4],"and":[5,23,157,175],"estimate":[6],"traffic":[7,44],"in":[8],"mobile":[9],"networks":[10],"is":[11,30],"still":[12],"one":[13],"of":[14],"the":[15,25,37,100,123,134,145,158,187,191],"major":[16],"challenges":[17],"when":[18],"it":[19],"comes":[20],"planning":[22],"optimizing":[24],"networks.":[26],"Since":[27],"indoor":[28,41,68],"location":[29],"not":[31],"always":[32],"possible":[33],"or":[34,69],"precise,":[35],"having":[36],"distinguish":[40],"from":[42,74,99,114,144,182],"outdoor":[43],"can":[45],"be":[46],"a":[47,64,75,94,129,153,162],"valuable":[48],"alternative":[49],"and/or":[50],"improvement.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"two":[55,85],"different":[56,86,111],"machine":[57,173],"learning":[58,174,177],"algorithms":[59],"are":[60],"presented":[61],"classify":[63],"user\u2019s":[65,101],"environment,":[66],"whether":[67],"outdoor,":[70],"using":[71],"only":[72,126],"data":[73,98,140],"Long":[76,163],"Term":[77,165],"Evolution":[78],"(LTE)":[79],"network.":[80],"To":[81],"test":[82],"both":[83,170],"algorithms,":[84],"measurement":[87,105],"campaigns":[88,92],"were":[89],"done.":[90],"Both":[91],"used":[93],"smartphone":[95],"gather":[97],"side.":[102,147],"first":[104,149],"campaign":[106],"was":[107,125,141],"done":[108,127],"across":[109],"6":[110],"cities,":[112],"ranging":[113],"small":[115],"rural":[116],"areas":[117],"large":[119,130],"urban":[120,131],"environments,":[121],"while":[122],"second":[124,135,159],"on":[128,152,161,186,190],"city.":[132],"On":[133],"campaign,":[136],"Network":[137],"Traces":[138],"(NT)":[139],"also":[142],"collected":[143],"network":[146],"algorithm":[150],"consists":[151],"Random":[154],"Forest":[155],"(RF)":[156],"relies":[160],"Short":[164],"Memory":[166],"(LSTM),":[167],"thus":[168],"covering":[169],"more":[171],"traditional":[172],"deep":[176],"approaches.":[178],"results":[180],"varied":[181],"0.75":[183],"0.91":[185],"F1-Score,":[188],"depending":[189],"validation":[192],"strategy,":[193],"showing":[194],"promising":[195],"results.":[196]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4212838433","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-24T18:01:06.871995","created_date":"2022-02-24"}